


Dra eer a oF a 





























LIBRARY OF THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 


PRINCETON, N. J. 


BV 4070 .C66 G72 1926 

Graebner, Theodore, 1876- 
1950. 

Concordia Seminary 








Plate 1 





Ke OF PRINGE > 
NOV 13 1926 | 
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ogra sew 









Ats history Avchitectboe-and-Suinbolism: 
PheoloveHraebner: 


Sait usa sur 


ordia Publishing Hou 





FAni926-@oncondiageminant 
re DidinituHcholae ov 
OU the 
dangelical-Auderan- Synod 
of Missouri: ae a) 
States-Oedicated-its-new-buil 





The special lettering with which this book is embellished is 
done in the Gothic style as it prevailed in the age preceding the 
Reformation. The title-page and the two pages which follow, as 
well as the ornamental initials of chapters 1—7, were done by 
Mr. George Trautwein, the architect placed by the office of 
Day & Klauder as superintendent during the construction years, 
1924—1926. The initials which adorn chapters 8—14 and the plates 


containing specimens of the glass medallions are the work of 
Mr. L. W. B. Taenzer, of St. Louis. 

Much of the photography scattered through these pages was 
done specially for our book. Although the taking of these pictures 
was postponed as long as possible, a number even of the most 
recently available for this bock still show construction work, 
unfinished roofs, and incomplete landscaping. Photographs by 
Mr. E. Fleer. 





[4] 


Ruth Photo Plate 4 





Dr. F. Bente. Dr. F. Pieper. Dr. L. Fuerbringer. 
Dr. G. Mezger. Dieaw eli Leal 
Dr. E. A. W. Krauss. Tf Prof. Th. Graebner. 


The Faculty, 1924—1926. 


4 


ge ee 


aes 





The Faculty 
of the Scholastic Year 1925—1926. 


Francois Pieper, D. D., President. — Elected 1878. 
Dogmatics, Pastoral Theology. 
Editor of Lehre und Wehre. 

Louis Furrsrincer, D. D. — Elected 1893. 
Isagogics, Exegesis, Liturgics. 
Dean of the Postgraduate Department. 
Editor of Der Lutheraner. 

FreperIcK Bente, D. D. — Elected 1893. 


On leave of absence. 


Grorce Merzcer, D. D. — Elected 1896. 


Supplying a chair in Free-Church Seminary, Berlin, 
Germany. 


WixuaM H. T. Dav, D. D. — Elected 1905. 
Dogmatics, Symbols. 
Editor of Theological Monthly. 
THEODORE GRAEBNER. — Elected 1913. 
New Testament Hwegesis, Philosophy. 
Editor of The Lutheran Witness. 
JoHN THEODORE MuEuurrR, Secretary. — Elected 1920. 
Exegesis, Dogmatics. 
Joun H.C. Fritz, Dean. — Elected 1920. 
Church History, Homiletics. 


Martin S. Sommer. — Elected 1920. 
Homiletics, Catechetics. 
Editor of The Lutheran Witness. 
Wituram Arnpt. — Elected 1921. 
New Testament Haegesis. 
Editor of Homiletic Magazine. 
Watter A. Mater. — Elected 1922. 
Old Testament Exegesis. 


Pauu E. Kretzmann, Ph. D., D. D. — Elected 1923. 
Isagogics, Pedagogics. 
Correspondence Course. 
Editor of Junior Bible Student. 
Orto C. A. Borcurr. — Elected 1925. 
Church History, Homiletics. 
Editor of Homiletic Magazine. 
WituiamM Gustave Potack. — Elected 1925. 
Church History, Symbolics. 


Officers of Synod. 
The President of Synod: Rev. F. Protennauer, D. D. 


Boarp or ContROL. 
Rev. Riou. KrerzscuMar, Chairman. 
Rev. TuHeo. Laetscu, Secretary. 
Rev. R. JESSE. 
Rev. L. J. Sreck. 
Mr. Evcene Harms. 
Mr. Ewatp ScHUETTNER. 
Mr. Otto HuEsEMAN. 
Mr. Aucust G. BRAuER. 
Mr. Curist BECKEMEIER, JR. 


ELEcTORAL COLLEGE. 
THE PRESIDENT oF Synop. 
THe Boarp or ContRoL. 
Rey. ALFRED DoERFFLER, JR. 
Rev. F. BRAvuEr. 
Rev. ALFRED FUEHLER. 
Rev. Oscar Katser. 
Rev. A. P. FEppERSEN. 


[6] 


Preface. 


Three reasons have actuated the publisher towards placing 
on the market at this time a book of Concordia Seminary, 
St. Louis. 

No history of this institution has ever been written. The 
removal of the Seminary to its new site, where a new plant has 
been prepared for it, seemed an opportune time for the publica- 
tion of a volume which would tell, at least in outline, of its 
early beginnings, its later development and needs, and of the 
measures which proved their worth in the building of the 
new plant. 

The dedication demanded some kind of memorial or sou- 
venir volume in order to mark the occasion. Inquiries from 
the Committee on Dedication developed the fact that the history 
of Concordia Seminary might well be combined with a descrip- 
tion of the new plant, suitably embellished, in order to give it 
the character of a dedication souvenir. 

Even before the new plant was completed, many visitors 
registered at the field office, and the Seminary Board had reason 
to believe that through all the years to come there would be 
a steady stream of visitors, guided thither by their heart-interest 
in the institution or attracted by its architecture, who would 
appreciate the existence of a handbook which would serve as 
a guide to the buildings. Particularly the emblematic designs 
done in stone and glass have from the first weeks of their 
installation called for a great deal of inquiring comment. The 
wish that a booklet explaining this symbolism should be avail- 
able for those interested was repeatedly brought to the attention 
of the Committee, and the subcommittee which had been in- 
trusted with emblems and inscriptions was instructed to pre- 
pare a “Guide” of these features. 

The present author was active in the preparation of this 
“Guide” when it was suggested to the publisher that all three 


[7] 


AS oT fe a A 


purposes as stated above might be served by one book. Accord- 
ingly, at the request of Concordia Publishing House and under 
instructions of the Building Committee, the following chapters 
have been prepared. — | | 

“Except the Lord build the house, they labor in vain that 
build it.” Ps.127,1. Our fathers built a log cabin for their 
first college and Seminary with prayers to the Lord that He 
build the house, and their faith was rewarded. They, too, who 
have labored in building the new Concordia would have been 
“vain laborers” if they had presumed to accomplish their task 
with reliance upon human energy and ability or on their en- 
thusiasm for a good cause. The foundations of the new 
Seminary were laid in prayer and its rooftrees were raised in 
faith. Let posterity keep the institution true to the purpose 
which inspired those who have sacrified of their substance and 
labors for the new Concordia Seminary! 


G. 


I. “What Hath God Wrought!” 


Num. 23, 23. 


onservative Lutheranism in Amer- 
ica rose from a tiny rivulet which 
commenced to flow more than 
eighty years ago. In Perry 
County, Mo., the ideal of a free 
Lutheran Church, loyal to the 
Confessions, in a free country, was first realized. 
From Michigan, from Illinois, from Ohio, from 
Indiana, and later from Wisconsin and the far 
Northwest, other rivulets and brooks joined the 
waters that flowed from the true Lutheran altar 
which the faith of Walther and his colaborers 
had established. ‘T'o-day conservative Luther- 
anism — Synodical Conference, ‘‘Missouri,”’’ 
Lutheranism — is a mighty stream which 
touches the shores of three continents and 
Australia; and its leaves are for medicine and 
its fruit for meat. 
It might have been otherwise. 
Conservative, loyal, confessional Lutheran- 
ism might be to-day, as it were, a shallow 
stream, ankle-deep. Our Missouri Synod might 


be a small, insignificant body of believers. It 
[9] 





SEAUATERAs (y Yh. 1 RE 


might count its souls by a few ten thousands in- 
stead of a million. Its first synodical session 
was attended by no more pastors than could be 
seated in two church-pews, and its enemies at 
the time said that it would never amount to 
much more, since conservative Lutheranism had 
no chance in America. 

We stood isolated among the denominations. 
We were travelers in a foreign land. The cul- 
ture of the nineteenth century was in its very 
essence secular and even antichristian; its ten- 
dencies such that we had to testify against it 
continually. There was much organized oppo- 
sition. What prospect did our fathers have in 
their fight against such a league of hostile 
- forces? What chance had a body of believers 
who upheld the inspiration and the inerrancy of 
the Bible in an age which regards the Scripture 


- at best as a record of ancient religious expe- 


rience? Knowing the age in which we live, how 
could we expect to be more than a minor body 
in the roster of denominations? Not as if there 
were reasons for discouragement if such had 
been the history of our Synod. Success in the 
kingdom of God is not a matter of numbers, but 
of faithfulness to revealed truth. The smallest 
body, loyal to the Lutheran Confessions, would 
still be the visible Church of Christ on earth. 


SSE fy fy ela 


Its work would be as glorious if it counted its 
adherents by thousands instead of hundreds of 
thousands. Yet we rejoice to-day as we observe 
the phenomenal growth, the inner harmony, the 
vast expansion of territory which are so evident 
as we survey the organization of which we are 
members. 

Whenever the transactions of our synodical 
sessions are given to the printer, the last line is 
made to read: ‘‘Soli Deo Gloria— To God alone 
be glory!’’ And in printing this concluding line 
in 1926, we are not merely in a formal way 
echoing the refrain of hundreds of District and 
General conventions in the past, but we confess 
that which is our heart’s conviction. To God 
alone, — not to power of organization, not to 
wise leadership, not to prudent expenditure of 
funds, not even to the faithfulness of our 
workers in church and school, — but to God 
alone we give honor for the success which has 
been ours in the past. To Him alone all glory 
for the new, commodious Concordia Seminary! 
Praise be to God alone, who has so blessed the 
work of our public teachers in college and sem- 
inary that our dear Missouri Synod to-day 
stands not only strongly united in the apostolic 
faith, but has extended her tent-ropes and set 
far the bounds of her domicile, until the sun 


Pan HG Nay fh fe SE 


never sets on the territory in which her Gospel 
is proclaimed. These colleges of our Synod have 
been the power-houses from which ever new 
currents of living forces have issued into the 
organism of the Church. They have been the 
roots by which, out of the soil of the living 
Word of God, our Synod has drawn the vigor 
of her spiritual life. For who shall calculate 
the influence upon the life of a Church exerted 
by those thousands of faithful workers in pulpit 
and school who have come forth from the halls 
of our Concordias in the past eighty-seven years ? 


II. Object and Scope. 


5] oncordia Seminary is a divinity 
school of the Lutheran Church. 
It originally consisted of two de- 
= partments. There were students 
with classical education, whose 
knowledge of Greek and Hebrew 
permitted them to study the Holy Scriptures in 
the original tongues. These students were en- 
rolled in the so-called theoretical department. 
Many of the lectures were given through the 
medium of the Latin language. Students not 
conversant with the ancient languages were en- 
rolled in the ‘‘practical’’ department. Both 
courses were combined in branches taught 
through the medium of German. The practical 
department had a great leader in Prof. August 
Craemer. It was removed to Springfield, Il, 
in 1874, where it has since had its home. 

The enrolment at Concordia Seminary now 
is limited to such as have had at least a junior 
college education and have a good working 
knowledge of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. With 
its present enrolment of about 390 junior-college 


diploma men, it is the largest Protestant theo- 
[13] 





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logical seminary in the United States. To this 
number should be added more than one hundred — 
enrolled in the Correspondence Course. None of 
those registered as resident students are so-called 
‘‘snecial’’ students. They are all registered in 
the regular course, which leads to the degree of 
Bachelor of Divinity. The elective postgraduate 
year offers the title of Master of Sacred The- 
ology (S. T. M.) to all who have made their 


Baccalaureate. 


In a sense, the Seminary is built upon the foundation of 
the Christian day-school. Linking up the day-school with the 
Seminary, the Missouri Synod operates a chain of junior col- 
leges stretching from Oakland, Cal., to Bronxville, N. Y., ten in 
number, preparatory schools for Concordia Seminary. In a 
six-year course the boys are here sufficiently prepared to begin 
their theological studies at St.Louis. We believe that this 
arrangement, by which the Church prepares its ministers from 
the primer class in grammar school to the ministerial diploma, 
: is without parallel in the Protestant Church life of our age. 


Concordia Seminary is also unique in another respect: It 
is dependent almost entirely on the free-will offerings of the 
Church which owns it. Aside from a fund for indigent stu- 
dents and the Horst Endowment of $10,000 for students taking 
the Postgraduate Course, the Seminary has no endowments. 
Its entire expense must be met out of the offerings of the Mis- 
souri Synod congregations. 

In addition to their work in the classroom the professors 
are ex officio editors of the official organs of the Missouri Synod 
and have the religious censorship of all publications that issue 
from Concordia Publishing House. 


III. Early Beginnings. 


a, n the spring of 1838 a company of 
> Saxon emigrants were preparing 
under the leadership of Rev. 
Martin Stephan of Dresden to 
found a new home in America. 
Few Germans in those days had 
emigrated to foreign shores. None had left for 
religious reasons. Yet this was the compelling 
motive for the Saxon emigration of 1838—1839. 
In four sailing-vessels they reached the mouth 
of the Mississippi in January, 1839. A month 
later the first contingent of the colony reached 
St. Louis. A tract of land one hundred miles 
south of St. Louis, in Perry County, was pur- 
chased. Part of the Saxon congregation at once 
moved to Perry County in order to prepare the 
land for colonization. With them went Pastor 
Stephan, Pastor Otto Herman Walther, and 
Candidate of Theology Theodore Brohm. They 
were followed later by two other candidates of 
theology, Fuerbringer and Buenger. 
The misfortunes, material and spiritual, 
which came upon the settlement have often been 
told. That which interests us in this connection 


is the resolution of the three candidates of the- 
[15] 





UM [phos 


ology to build a school for the education of 
ministers. In collaboration with Pastor O. H. 
Walther they founded a theological seminary in 
the forest primeval. They resolved to build 
a log cabin in order to house the institution. In 
spite of all difficulties they finally succeeded in 
completing their log house, consisting of one 
room only —an Evangelical Lutheran Seminary 
building such as Germany had never seen. Then 
they commenced the work of instructing ‘‘the. 
boys.”’ 


Pastor O. H. Walther and young Buenger were soon called 
to pastorates in St. Louis, and so Fuerbringer and Brohm con- 
tinued the work alone, without compensation, spending their 
time and strength on an undertaking which most men would 
have called absurd and hopeless, for a period of two years. 
Then Fuerbringer received a call into the ministry, and Brohm 
continued the college all by himself, until he was afflicted with. 
a violent fever, which almost ended fatally. He was cared for 
by the family of Pastor Loeber, and when he was restored to 
health, Loeber took over several classes. For several years the 
_two, Brohm and Loeber, worked side by side, nursing the little 
sprout of a college and seminary. ‘Then Candidate Brohm 
accepted a call into the ministry in the city of New York, and 
now Loeber conducted the school alone, aided only by Pastor 
Keyl, whose parish was the adjoining Frohna. 


A few years later the congregation at 
St. Louis donated several acres of ground as 
a building site, subscribed over $2,000 in cash 
donations, and assigned to the college, profits 
from her hymn-book and from her cemetery. 
Building operations soon commenced, and on 
the 8th of November, 1849, the corner-stone of 


GIN gata 


the college building was laid. At this time 
Pastor C. F. W. Walther was called as professor 
of theology. A building of liberal dimensions 
was erected. The south wing of this new build- 
ing was dedicated in 1850; two years later, when 
the place had already become too strait, the 
north wing was built. In 1857—58 the middle 
section was built, and thus the new seminary 


was completed. 


We reproduce a lithograph showing the institution as it 
appeared in the 60’s and 70’s of the past century (a third story 
was later added to the two wings). The Main Entrance led into 
the chapel, used by Holy Cross Congregation for many years. 
To the right, as you view the picture, Professor Craemer lived 
on the first floor, students on the second. To the left, Dr. Wal- 
ther lived on the first floor, Professor Lange on the second. The 
second floor in the central portion was occupied by lecture-halls 
which were at the same time living-rooms for the students. 
Their bedrooms were on the third floor. In the basement were 
the kitchen and the dining-halls. In the small house to the 
right lived the caretaker and, for a time, Professor Baumstark. 
In the distance is Holy Cross Church with the steeple which 
was destroyed by the tornado in 1896. 


When this building could no longer house 
the increased number of students, it was torn 
down. In 1882—83 the beautiful structure was 
erected which to the whole present generation 
of our Synod is known as Concordia Seminary. 
Because the number of students overtaxed the 
capacity of even this large building, another 
large and suitable building was added in the 
years 1906—07. 

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BOLDER oy ae (det 


In 1919 the Board of Control was compelled 
to rent a dwelling to house the students; in fact, 
it would have been compelled to rent several 
dwellings if the total number of students en- 
rolled had been present; as it was, a large 
number of students were supplying in vacant 
churches or schools. Of the total number of 368, 
the enrolment for 1920—21, eighty-three were 
excused for the entire year. 

The following graph shows the enrolment and 
expectancies of enrolment until 1930 as pub- 
lished in 1923 on the basis of preparatory school 
enrolments. 


Concordia Seminary. Junior College Classes. 
Year Entering I II III IV Vv VI 






1917-18 
1918-19 






1919-20 







1920-21 
1921-22 
1922-23 
1923-24 








1924-25 






1925-26 
1926-27 
1927-28 
1928-29 
1929-30 

















AM 





RLU "pW pha baba 


We consider this place a suitable one for 
a complete list of the men who have taught in 
Concordia Seminary from its beginning :— 


MiP vonTA. THEO. es vielhs ob ne Cua Nt ran ie 1839—18438 
* Buerbringer, O's. 0. ss 5's bis oe clone ee 1839—1842 
VERON PORT Tee hs Vala ie le pai ate enti eran 1839—1840 
PiLoober, Ey Es) sedis is c's vie 6 ee Satete tated 1841—1849 
FUMIO NOR Tp te o.. oe eles. eins, arcane Ran eae 1848—1861 
Walther, 0. FE. W...D. Dice. en 20 eae 1849-—1887 
Biewend; [Al Ps. i ees vac cles ley eel ae 1850—1858 
* Saxer, A. Leelee ee Malk ie elece aan ab HORE 1856—1861 
Seyfarth, N Choi fd ec! & Oe Mee MLO gc 1856—1859 
PM POIACK! APO, 3) 2 e's Wine sive 6 oon 8 eee 1856—1863 
Larsen, FO es Ra eh ae a 1859—1861 
OPAAIET Asi es ackaie + oo bas 6 ee ee 1861—1875 
PSPAU OP AL aia eee diese ide din ok MR pone 1868—1872 
F BAUMBtar KK, Te esis veces he ee Woe tenes 1864—1869 
Pregia 155025 a ek 2b Wisin cr eleee We i eee ee 1869—1871 
ROE Ce cae Co | Sg CMD. WOU RR MNRES Read AUNT TOIE aS ay 1872—1876 
Sonatler,: Gre ey. see ay Glee ek eee eee 1872—1887 
Giientners Melee als eee ts We min aeeere ete 18738—1893 
fy Nd ¢ ae Ry aE CEPR Ree NGC oUt 1878—1892 
Piotiery Fie DD, Qs ain ae cies eb eee 1878— 
Stosckhardt,.Gs, DiuiDy sh kfc eegee 1881—1913 
Graebner, AL Ga De De cee aa 1887—1904 
Bente, Fr. Do Dyer Aas ae 1893— 
HMuerbringer; L., Ded. 73/3254. eee 18938— 
Mezoer, (F.5D. Dee iia ek Ne ene 1896— 
Dau Wo. Le. De ea eae ae 1905—1926 
Krauss EAU Wi D. Do l,i 1905—1924 
Pardieok, Bsus oct 4 sic .e wo 'eihs amen 1912—1924 
Graebner, ROCCE seb 62's. v0 cate 1913— 
Muellery: Ji Dios ek es oo baa ss ae 1920— 
Brite il ete Oe ss cas 0 ks ee 1920— 
Sommer MI So. le ide ds RO 1920— 
PARIS WE hie Mig wine bhi e'e'c < s.6 4.0 6 SR 1921— 
Mailer Wear ers os science Mee ee 1922— 
Kretzmann, P. B., Ph.D; DoD ee 1924— 
Boeoler, Oi ieiscs Me's cas 3a oak See nee 1925— 
Polack, Wh. ones ie de eee 1925— 


* Names marked with asterisk (*): Taught in Preparatory 
Department only. 


Plate 6 





O. Fuerbringer. Cc. F. W. Walther. 





J. F. Buenger. Theo. J. Brohm. 
The Founders. 









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Advertisement in Anzeiger des Westens, 1839, 
Announcing Opening of Concordia College. 


Original in the collection of Rev. W. Koepchen, New York. 









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First St. Louis Building, 1850. 





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Plate 10a 





Dr. Walther’s Carriage. 


The gift of his congregation in the late 60’s. It cost $600 and in 

workmanship and design was the best obtainable. In service until 

Dr. Walther’s death (1887), it was purchased by the manufacturer, 
Mr. J. G. Kluegel, who is the present owner. 


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Plate 12 


“‘SO6T 


JO UOTIIPPY 9TL 








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* ~ i j Lit 
- A ‘ = » M 
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ee - * 
an) tol , ay 
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Plate 13 


“1ayyUENy “fl 
‘IguqaeiIn 


. 


sOlg 


I 


V 


. 


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qd 


O68T 


‘Ay[NoeT ONL 


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‘asuey ‘y ‘jolg 
*‘}PILYYIVO{S 98109H ‘1q 








i Ye 
+} fal 4 ree 
’ * bot Era y 


Plate 14 


"SI6L ‘AqInovy ony 
‘ayUIg “Y “jolg *IaSuUlIgIeNny “TJ ‘jolg ‘a ‘qd ‘isdatg ‘y ‘jyoig *193ZIW “D ‘jJolg 
“ned ma “H “M ‘JOoldg “HIoIpIled “aA “JOlIg ‘ssnely “M af “a “JOId “I9uUqIeIL) ‘oon L ‘JOld 








IV. The Need, 1920. 


hen the convention of 1920 decided 

to abandon the stately Seminary 
AN buildings on Jefferson Avenue 

and to remove the institution 
from the historic site given by 
the St. Louis congregation (when 
such a gift meant great individual sacrifices), 
our congregational representatives did not vote 
until convinced that an urgent need of reloca- 
tion and of a new plan existed. The question 
which confronted our Synod was, How shall we 
accommodate the ever-increasing number of stu- 
dents? And this other question also pressed for 
an answer, How shall adequate provision be 
made for their instruction, their physical health, 
and for their general well-being ? 

In 1920, and for some years previous, the 
Seminary buildings were filled beyond capacity. 
A large dwelling had been used to take care of 
the overflow. Our picture shows one of the liv- 
ing-rooms as they were. Instead of the sixty- 
four square feet of floor space which modern 
college planning demands for each student, this 


room contained only forty-six square feet. Five 
[21] 





EATEN 1 WI nee ie 


and six students were living in rooms designed 
for four. About three hundred students lived 
in buildings designed for two hundred. This 
entailed very crowded conditions in the bed- 
rooms. There was an average space of only 
6X6 feet for each bed and wardrobe. 


There were but three lecture-rooms, and there was no pos- 
sibility of providing additional accommodations. For the Sem- 
inary library there was no suitable space, and the equipment 
was entirely antiquated. Light and ventilation were poor, and 
there was no means of caring for additional books. Two former 
classrooms in the old Seminary building had been pressed into 
service for library purposes. Two tables, seating about twenty- 
four persons, made up the entire working library space offered 
to 800 students. The chapel, on account of the noise from the 
street, no longer served its purpose for the daily morning and 
evening devotional exercises. For larger gatherings, special 
lectures, musicales, and the like, it had become much too small. 

The Dean had only a small office at the farthest end of the 
building. The professors had no place where they could meet 
their students to talk over the classwork, hear the reading of 
sermons, etc. The need of more than three hundred students 
had far outgrown the lavatory arrangements. Trunks had to 
be taken up three flights of steps and stored in the attic. There 
were no music-rooms. 

In a crowded room, disturbance is simply unavoidable, and 
many students living together with from four to twelve fellow- 
students were unable to apply themselves to their studies 
properly. With long corridors connecting all the rooms on each 
floor, the coming and going of students, their greetings and 
conversations in the halls were the cause of continuous and 
unavoidable disturbance. The Seminary buildings had for some 
years become a source of heavy expense for up-keep due to 
natural wear and tear, especially on floors, stairs, windows, 
doors, plumbing, heating apparatus, etc. While not in a dilapi- 
dated condition, extensive replacements had become necessary. 
As Dr. Fuerbringer wrote early in 1920: — 

“Our present buildings are, indeed, not in a condition that 
they would have to be condemned. The present location, however, 


Plate 15 





Living-Room in the Old Seminary. 





Bedroom for Three Occupied by Five. 






es i 
‘4 ag ~ ta) 
"> 





ad veg Ey 





Plate 16 


‘suULOOIpeg jo 


u 


OT}TpUuoD pepMoIOH 





Rite? oy iC 

he ee & Rice 
ae NSHAL 9: 
oe id. 


ek 


Piece 
+e bbe 
: A 





Plate 17 


ArvIiqvy JO AVG IO} pes Wooisse[g PIO 





An Ae ‘tid 
Sate key 


© 





Ba OR ee 


is no longer suitable for a boarding-school with a large number of 
students. Seventy years ago our Seminary stood on the outskirts 
of St. Louis; to-day it is surrounded by many buildings in the midst 
of the city. Available building space can no longer be found. Within 
three blocks there are four different car-lines, one of these passing 
directly in front of the Seminary. The din and the noise of the large 
city and the continuous heavy traffic on the city streets very much 
interfere with the work of the professors and the students in the 
lecture-room and with the work of the individual student at his 
desk; in fact, these disturbing factors very much annoy and distract. 
Close by there are business houses and not far away a few factories. 
When the students leave the Seminary buildings, they are out on the 
street. The present ground space is almost entirely occupied by the 
Seminary buildings, and there is no free space upon which the 
students can take a little bodily exercise, excepting a small space 
between the buildings, which is hardly worth mentioning. If addi- 
tional buildings would be erected on the present site, several pro- 
fessors’ dwellings would have to be torn down, and the new Seminary 
buildings, erected on that ground, would be adjacent to a large school, 
which in the daytime is attended by several hundred children and at 
night is used by various societies. The objectionable features before 
mentioned would remain.” 


The above facts were well known to the grad- 
uates of a decade or more, and it required little 
or no agitation to convince the convention as- 
sembled in Detroit that Concordia Seminary 
needed a new plant, situated on a campus of 
ample extent. 


V. Plans for a Greater Concordia 
Developing. 


o one who attended the synodical 
meeting in Detroit, 1920, will 
ever forget the thrill of that 
moment when Synod unani- 
mously voted one million dol- 
lars for a new Concordia Sem- 

inary at St. Louis. Remember that only during 
the past three years the entire budget for new 
college buildings had been $300,000—and Synod 
had failed to raise this amount. Now a million 
was voted for one institution, and it was voted 
with enthusiasm. 


How had that figure been arrived at? No 
plans of any kind had been presented. No pro- 
gram of buildings necessary was offered. In 
other years a rough estimate from the local 
boards had been considered sufficient, and even 
this was lacking in 1920. The reason for this 
was that no one knew what the relocation of 
Concordia Seminary would cost, and when the 
sum of one million dollars was proposed in com- 
mittee, it was—a guess. A million dollars was 


regarded as a very large sum for any such pur- 
{24] 





Pe REN Coen 


pose as the building of a college, and no one in 
that audience which cast its vote June 18, 1920 
(after only five minutes’ discussion, without de- 
bate, and unanimously), for the committee re- 
port knew whether a million dollars would 
exceed the sum actually needed or fall short 
of it. At this time Mr. A. G. Brauer, of St. Louis, 
announced that the St. Louis congregations had 
gathered pledges to the amount of $75,000 for 


the purchase of a site. 


The Building Committee of Concordia Seminary first met 
October 18, 1921. Its initial task was that of studying the 
problem of the selection of an architect. Twenty-eight appli- 
cations of architects were filed with the committee at its first 
session, and this number increased to about fifty as the weeks 
went by. The task of selecting the man for our work required 
the time of the committee from October, 1921, to March, 1922. 

Many hours were spent in interviews with architects, and 
much correspondence was carried on. A notice finally appeared 
in our church-papers setting forth the principles which were 
guiding the committee in its work of selection and setting 
February 1, 1922, as the final term for application. It was 
found that the best architects were unwilling to submit com- 
petitive drawings and that a “closed competition” would cost 
more than $10,000. Hence the usual “direct selection” method 
was pursued. Accurate tabulations were made from the com- 
mittee’s correspondence, and on the basis of these, eliminations 
were made from the list. It was not a question simply of 
finding a good architect or of finding the best architect, but of 
finding the best architect for a group of institutional buildings, 
of school-buildings. Some of our applicants were designers of 
famous hotels and public buildings; others, of fine churches; 
but the building of college groups is a very limited profession. 
A subcommittee inspected the work of various architects, visit- 
ing many institutions. 


On May 16 the Board of Control received 
official instructions from Messrs. Benj. Bosse 


9 GY Ret 


and Henry W. Horst, representing the Board 
of Directors of the Missouri Synod, to proceed 
at once with the purchase of a tract of land con- 
sisting of seventy acres and located west of 
St. Louis, in St. Louis County, for a site for 


Concordia Seminary. 


The site is undoubtedly one of the finest pieces of real 
estate in or around St. Louis. It is located in St. Louis County, 
within about five minutes’ walk of the western limits of the 
city of St. Louis, due west of the city’s largest and finest park. 
Those who are acquainted in St. Louis will remember that 
Forest Park extends to the western limits of the city, that 
directly north of this end of the park is the entrance to Wash- 
ington University, and that the surrounding residence districts 
are of such a character that, humanly speaking, the quality of 
the neighborhood is assured for all time to come. The property 
in question is the so-called De Mun tract, which has been held 
by a St. Louis family for several hundred years, being a direct 
grant from the King of Spain. It has never since changed 
hands. Several years ago it was held at $4,000 an acre. The 
price agreed upon in the contract of sale was $2,600 per acre. 
The purchase was decided after the Board of Directors, the 
local board, the faculty, the local conference, and lay repre- 
sentatives of our congregations had carefully investigated a 
great number of sites. 

The site is one of the highest pieces of ground near the 
city. From it a view is obtained over the green expanse of 
Forest Park, the great city stretching eastward, to-the north 
the Washington University buildings, — the Concordia campus 
being higher than the grounds of the university, — and to the 
west great private parks, with fine residences scattered between. 
It proved topographically ideal, requiring comparatively little 
grading and affording excellent drainage. 


Meanwhile the Committee investigating the 
work of various architects completed its work. 
The firm of Day & Klauder, of Philadelphia, 
was selected. The head of this firm is Mr. Chas. 


Lees vai: Was 


Z. Klauder. Mr. H. H. Morrison, of St. Louis, 
was selected as engineer. 


The task of selecting an engineer was almost as delicate 
as the business of choosing an architect. More than thirty 
buildings were to be connected up with heat, light, and power. 
The simple question of whether electricity shall be produced by 
our own generators or bought from a public utility company 
involved the most intricate figuring and expert knowledge of 
installation. The heating of so many buildings and the supply 
of hot and cold water was another problem, which can be appre- 
ciated only by those who have seen the blue-prints of a heating- 
plant connecting up thirty buildings. 


VI. Expanding Vision. 


sjhe Board’s program during the 
months that followed the 1920 
convention was gone over many 
times, and every effort was made 
to reduce the plans to the mini- 
mum necessary for four hundred 
students. From the outset the Committee was 
convinced that the following buildings would 
have to be constructed of such a size as to accom- 
modate an ultimate enrolment of eight hundred: 
Administration; Assembly Hall; Library; Ser- 
vice Building; Heating-Plant. When the Com- 
mittee had reduced its program to what it held 
to be an absolute minimum, it was found that 
the cost of the group would be about two million 
dollars for buildings alone. 


At this time a topographical survey was made showing 
five-foot contour-lines, also exact location of trees. The faculty 
and Building Committee established a standard of two students 
per room. The scheme, accordingly, called for suites of two 
rooms, one study- and one bedroom, to be occupied by two 
students. From its experience of many years the faculty stood 
convinced that at a graduate school like Concordia Seminary no 
more than two students should room together. This in spite 
of the higher cost of building thereby entailed. 

As the architect recommended stone for our group, a special 
committee was appointed to look into the possibilities of stone 
from Arkansas and Missouri quarries. The Committee’s re- 
search finally led as far as Colorado, and it was from the Rocky 

[28] 





Mountains that the red stone in the group has been obtained. 
Specimen walls were built on the new Seminary grounds, and 
the opinion of many persons was obtained. 


Since the plans as sketched by the architect 
called for the expenditure of an amount so far 
in excess of the appropriation, Mr. Klauder was 
instructed to draw tentative simpler plans which 
might be offered as an alternate to the next 
synodical convention. At this time, too, pledges 
were privately obtained in the amount of 
$165,000 from friends of the Seminary who 
were eager to realize a group architecturally as 
beautiful as the one originally designed. In ad- 
dition, Mr. Fred C. Pritzlaff, of Milwaukee, 
offered to defray the cost of the Library, about 
$87,000. 

When the facts were submitted to the con- 
vention at Fort Wayne in 1923, the necessary 
additional amount of $1,500,000 was voted in 
full, June 26. 

After the convention competitive bids on the 
plans of Day & Klauder were called for. Ten 
large contractors responded to the invitation. 
The contract was awarded to the Kellermann 
Contracting Company of St. Louis. The mem- 
bers of the firm, Mr. Conrad Kellermann and 
Mr. William Lehr, are members of Holy Cross 
Church, St. Louis, Mo. 


Ne AN 9 HY Maia 


THE BUILDING COMMITTEE. 


The Building Committee was composed of the 
Board of Control, which had been authorized to 
increase its number by the addition of other 
members. These had been selected with a view 
of obtaining the service of additional men of 
building experience and business ability. The 
committee, when the buildings were completed, 
had the following roster : — 


Rev. Richard Jesse, Pastor of Mount Calvary Church, 
St. Louis. 

Rev. R. Kretzschmar, president of the Western District and 
chairman of the Board of Control. 

Rev. Theo. Laetsch, pastor of St. Trinity Church, St. Louis. 

Rev. Louis J. Sieck, pastor of Zion Church, St. Louis. 

Mr. Christ. Beckemeier, Jr., president of the Gravois Plan- 
ing Mill. 

Mr. A. G. Brauer, president of the A. G. Brauer Supply Co. 
and a director of the United States Bank of St. Louis. 

Mr. Eugene Harms, president of the Hesse Envelope 
Company. 

Mr. Henry W. Horst, of Rock Island, Ill., contractor and 
builder. Representative of the synodical Board of Directors. 

Mr. Otto Huesemann, salesman. 

Mr. Sam Kowert, equipment expert. 

Mr. Ewald Schuettner, president of the Ruckert Architec- 
tural Supply Company. 

Mr. Louis Stockho, formerly vice-president of the Lammert 
Furniture Company. 

Mr. A. W. Thias, vice-president of the National Bank of 
Commerce in St. Louis. 

Mr. Chas. Wehking, Jr., contractor and builder. 

Mr. Wm. F. Wischmeyer, member of the firm of Mauran, 
Russell & Crowell, Architects. 

The following were honorary members: Mr. J. P. Hahn and 
Mr. L. J. Rupprecht. The latter served as special accountant. 


eS tained 


The following faculty members served on the Committee: 
Dr. L. Fuerbringer; Dean J. H.C. Fritz; Prof. Theo. Graebner. 

The following were asked to serve as Advisory Members: 
Rev. Wm. Koepchen, of New York; Mr. FE. Rubbert, of Minne- 
apolis; Mr. F. J. Schinnerer, of Long Beach, Cal.; Mr. G. Merz, 
of Mobile, Ala.; and Mr. F. G. Walker, of Cleveland. 

Of those who served on the Building Committee two were 
ae ie their eternal rest: Mr. H. F. Bente and Dr. C. C. 
Schmidt. 


The work of the Committee was subdivided 
in such a manner that special committees were 
given charge of certain features in the project. 
The following subcommittees were elected as 
necessity for their work arose: — 


1) Committee on Plans. This committee studied the plans 
as they came through from the architect’s office and made 
recommendations to the general Building Committee. 


2) Subcommittee for Conference with Architects. Through 
this Committee all the business with the architects was trans- 
acted. 

3) Advisory Committee. This committee acted in an ad- 
visory capacity with reference to construction and contracts. 

4) Committee on Quarries. This committee investigated 
the various quarries from which the stone for the Seminary 
group has been secured. 


5) Committee on Accounting. This Committee had the 
duty to see to the accounting of all funds in such a manner as 
to indicate the debits and credits under each General Contract 
as well as under such subheads as were found necessary for 
comprehensive and intelligent reports which should be made in 
the monthly meetings, the object being to control our expendi- 
ture so as to keep within our appropriation and the different 
allotments made for our requirements. 


6) Equipment Committee. This committee prepared invi- 
tations to bidders, opened bids, and made recommendations to 
the General Committee, regarding the purchase of the equip- 
ment of Dormitories, Library, Dining-halls, Administration 
Building, Lecture Halls, and Assembly Hall. 


aL a San 


7) The Committee on Residences. This Committee studied 
the needs of the professors with reference to dwellings and 
cooperated with the architect in working up the plans which 
were finally adopted. 

8) The Committee on Emblems and Inscriptions. This 
Committee was entrusted with the task of providing inscriptions 
where needed and of supplying subjects suitable for the orna- 
mentation (in stone and glass) of an institution for the training 
of Christian ministers. (Members outside of Building Com- 
mittee: Dr. F. Bente and Prof. J. T. Mueller.) 

9) Committee on Special Donations. This Committee in- 
vestigated the donations made for purposes not included in the 
original appropriation of Synod and made suitable recommenda- 
tions to the Committee and Synod’s Board of Directors. 


All resolutions of the Building Committee 
involving the expenditure of funds, from its 
first meeting to the letting of the last contracts, 
were unanimous. ‘The meetings were ever 
marked by a brotherly spirit. 








VII. Ground-Breaking. Laying the 
Corner-Stone. 


od was broken for the new Sem- 
inary buildings January 18, 1924, 
in the presence of Synod’s Board 
of Directors, the Building Com- 
mittee, the Faculty, the student- 
body, and such members of the 
St. Louis congregations as braved the inclemen- 
cies of the weather. Also the directors of the 
Lutheran Laymen’s League were present. 


A space about fifty feet in diameter had been roped 
off around the spot at which the President’s office in the 
Administration Building is now located. Standing on an ex- 
cavator’s wagon, Rev. L. J. Sieck announced the order of service. 
Addresses were made by Rev. Kretzschmar, Dr. Pieper, and 
Dr. Pfotenhauer, by Mr. Henry W. Horst in behalf of the 
Building Cominiittes and the Board of Directors, and by 
Mr. Theo. Lamprecht on behalf of the laymen of Synod. In the 
name of the Triune God President Pfotenhauer sunk a spade 
into the soil and turned up three shovelfuls. The act was per- 
formed also by the two laymen. The students sang “A Mighty 
Fortress,” and the Seminary band played several well-chosen 
selections. Rev. R. Jesse, of the Seminary Board of Control, 
pronounced the benediction, and the audience sang “Praise to 
the Lord, the Almighty.” 

The weather was raw, the skies overcast, and there was 
a thin covering of snow on the ground. But those who refused 
to be deterred by these weather conditions were witnessing a 
historic event. 

3 [33] 





This was in January. In October of the same 
year the corner-stone was laid. The ceremony 
took place on Sunday, October 26. It was a per- 
fect Indian summer-day, with light mists hover- 
ing in the quiet air and the oaks of the Seminary 
grove dressed in autumn colors. Weeks of per- 
fect weather had preceded, and the grounds as 
well as the roads leading to them were in fine 
condition. A committee on arrangements had 
placed signs on the boulevards in the vicinity, 
guiding automobiles to the proper entrance, 
where an efficient staff directed the parking. 
Special trains from Indiana, Ulinois, and Mis- 
souri brought many fellow-Lutherans. Benches 
had been provided for about 4,000. . Estimates 
of the crowd vary from twelve to twenty thou- 
sand. Our pictures give an impression of the 
congregation which joined in the singing, heard 
the addresses, and witnessed the ceremony. 
A number of addresses were made by officers of 
Synod and representatives of the institution, 
and the usual mementos deposited in the corner- 
stone. ‘The receptacle was a lead box, which was 
then soldered and firmly embedded in cement. 

Microphones brought the words of the 
speakers through amplifiers to every part of 
the crowd without loss of a syllable and, through 



































Original Condition of Ground where Academic Group 
Now Stands. 


# 


i 


o™, 


ett 





Plate 19 





The Ground-Breaking. 


President EF, Pfotenhauer in Center, 





The Excavators Arriving. 





Plate 20 





“MOTd 


10}0¥B.1Y, 


a4} JO FIOM S 


‘ 


Avg 


ISIIT OUL 








Plate 21 


‘PMOID eT} 





(‘em0yqdo1dTy, 310N) 
SuUISSseIppy tedeiqg-iq ° 


SuIAvy 9u0jS-19uI109 








Plate 22 





“SUIABT DU0JG-I9UIOD 94} 3B PMOID 9UL 








35 








the radio broadcasting station at the old Sem- 
inary building, with equal clearness to every 
part of the United States. It was, in a way, the 
dedication of the great plant, Station KFUO, 
which had been completed the day before and 
was operating under a special Government 
permit. 


VIII. Finances. 


hen a Lutheran building com- 
mittee, in the past, was held 
responsible for the expendi- 
ture of a hundred thousand 
dollars, it was rightly consid- 
ered a task of great respon- 
sibility. A hundred thousand dollars of trust 
funds, collected from the members of the Church 
as a gift for religious purposes, imposes great 
obligations on those elected to administer its ex- 
penditure. The Building Committee of Concor- 
dia Seminary for more than two years disbursed 
every month an average of a hundred thousand 
dollars. The writer believes that abiding in- 
terest must attach to the manner in which the 
members of the Building Committee endeavored 
to meet the confidence which their Synod voted 
in 1923 when the appropriation for the new 
Seminary was increased to $2,500,000. 


There is still a report current in our Church of the scene 
on the floor of our convention in 1884, when the sainted Rev. 
Otto Hanser was constrained to report that his committee had 
expended a sum 50 per cent. greater than their appropriation in 
order to build the Seminary on Jefferson Avenue. “Here is 
my back,” he closed his report; “now give me what I deserve!” 

It is true that the Missouri Synod has never regretted the 
extra $50,000 which the committee in 1883 spent on the “new 

[36] 


nasa 





ele en I je els wien A Semper See, 








eae eke ye 


Seminary.” There was more than bare utility. There was 
much cut-stone trim, the best library furniture obtainable, 
frescoed and paneled ceilings, staircases of elaborate workman- 
ship in rare woods, a beautiful tower, stately entrances, — all of 
which had nothing to do with utility. Yet try to imagine the 
old Seminary without these features, so costly in their day! 
Indeed, the Synod which authorized the structure of 1883 had 
specifically set aside 10 per cent. for artistic embellishment. 
While the ideals of our fathers of 1883 must be an inspiration 
to our Synod and were so felt by the new Building Committee, 
the rule was conscientiously observed that no money must be 
expended for unauthorized purposes, unless, indeed, for one 
purpose or another extra gifts should be received. The build- 
ings as planned had to be built for the appropriated amount. 
In order that this might be done and also to safeguard all who 
had the handling of these large amounts, elaborate checks and 
counter-checks were provided by the Building Committee. 

From the outset no contracts were let for which cash was 
not in sight. The architect was pleased to note from the begin- 
ning that this project was not based upon hopes and promises. 
Soon after operations commenced, the entire two million dollars 
voted for buildings (the other half-million was for “outside 
work”) was on hand and was drawing interest in the form of 
bonds. Mr. E. Seuel, Synodical Treasurer, was, under the 
synodical regulations and safeguards, administrator of this 
fund. In making disbursements, the following method was 
adopted : — 

Reports from the clerk-of-the-works would reach the archi- 
tect daily stating what progress was being made on the various 
contracts — there were some twenty subcontractors in all. As 
amounts became due, the architect would issue a certificate of 
payment. This would be checked by the secretary of the Build- 
ing Committee and passed on to the Committee’s Financial 
Agent. At the same time a copy would reach the Committee’s 
Accountant. The Financial Agent would make out a voucher 
in the amounts of the various buildings, attach these, and send 
them to the Committee’s chairman and secretary for counter- 
signatures. These would then travel to the Treasurer’s office, 
who would make out checks to the order of the Financial Agent. 
On receipt of these checks the Financial Agent would issue his 
check to each of the contractors included in that day’s orders. 
Previous to all this the various contracts had been scrutinized 
by one of the many special committees and had been recom- 


el eg ee ee 


mended to the Building Committee, which would be informed 
at all times of the amounts called for under the various 
contracts. 


Competitive bids were the rule, which the 
Committee tried conscientiously to follow. But 
not in all cases did contracts go to the lowest 
bidder. Invariably they went to the bidder who 
in the Committee’s opinion furnished the best 
quality and came closest to the specifications 
contained in the invitation to the bidding. In 
all eases the awarding of contracts was made 
with the approval of the entire Committee. 
There was no recklessness in the allowance of 
extras or purchase of special equipment. Items 
as small as $25 and even less, if an addition to 
existing contracts, were submitted to the entire 
Committee, discussed, and voted upon. Such 
action was never taken upon the word of any 
one man or on the arechitect’s recommendation 
alone, but upon the recommendation of a sub- . 
committee, which had given its attention to the 
architect’s or contractor’s suggestions. 

The Building Committee met twice a month. 
At every meeting a statement was read by the 
Financial Agent, Mr. A. W. Thias. Once a 
month the Accounting Committee reported 
through Mr. L. J. Rupprecht, showing in detail 
the relation of expenditures to appropriations 
under each contract. 








IX. The Field Office and Its Work. 


or the reason that in the erection of 

a group of buildings many and 

varied problems, contentions, and 

differences of opinions will arise 

as to interpretations of even such 

nearly 100-per cent. drawings and 
specifications as the Seminary was favored 
with by the able architects and engineers and 
contractors, it was realized in the beginning 
that general supervision of the entire work was 
not only desirable, but very essential. The 
Building Committee contracted with the Archi- 
tect to furnish a Superintendent to represent 
the Architect in defining and interpreting the 
drawings and specifications and to supervise the 
general construction and erection of the build- 
ings and mechanical equipment, thereby safe- 
guarding the Synod’s interest to the extent that 
the various contractors did earry out the requi- 
sitions of plans and specifications as contracted 
for. We were favored with the services of 
Mr. Geo. K. Trautwein, of Philadelphia, Pa., as 
Superintendent, whose ability and fairness in 


making decisions are a grateful memory. 
[39] 





SERA Vy Yi AL 


The Building Committee also recognized the 
task upon which it had just entered and realized 
that representation of the Committee at the 
grounds was desirable, and accordingly erected 
a frame building to house the Field Office. This 
office was conducted by Mr. Chas. Wehking, Jr., 
member of the Building Committee. 


The work of the Field Office was very considerable. Its 
task was to record the vast network of sewers, water and gas 
mains, as well as the various and many hidden plumbing pipes 
which are imbedded in the masonry; to receive and keep record 
of face stone which the Committee shipped in from outside 
sources; and to keep innumerable other records and statistics 
for the information of the Building Committee. This office 
was an intermediator between contractors and the Architect’s 
Superintendent; here Mr. Wehking could be found daily, and 
many minor items were settled quietly and agreeably to all con- 
cerned. Daily records were kept on file of the progress of the 
entire work, giving statistical records of weather reports, the 
number of men of the various contractors at work, and on 
what particular group of buildings. 


X. Material and Construction. 


n order to ascertain the kind of soil which the ex- 
cavators would encounter and in order to be 
able to calculate the size of footings for foun- 
dations, the ground had been test-bored at 
about twenty stations. The results showed that 
the grounds are underlaid with a slight trace 
of coal, fire-clay, and lime-stone at a depth 
of approximately twenty-two feet below the 
natural surface. 

After the excavations for buildings and preliminary grad- 
ing of site were completed, the foundation walls of the buildings 
were started in stone masonry. Due to delays caused by bad 
weather, it was found advisable to change the foundation walls 
to concrete. The walls of all buildings above the ground (ex- 
cepting the professors’ houses and the power-plant, which are 
of brick) are of stone from local quarries, all substantially laid 
and bedded in Portland cement mortar. 

The exterior of the walls is faced with variegated stone, 
about 45 per cent. from Boulder, Colo., in four shades of red 
color; about 45 per cent. from Ste. Genevieve, Mo., of gray 
color; about 5 per cent. from Wittenberg, Perry Co., Mo., of 
yellow color; and about 5 per cent. St. Louis white limestone. 
All cut stone, except door-sills, is of Bedford, Ind., stone. The 
door-sills are of gray Mount Airy granite. The Perry County 
yellow stone is quarried from the Bodenschatz farm at Witten- 
berg, Mo., this being the same quarry from which the stone was 
taken for the first Lutheran church built at Altenburg, Mo., in 
the sixties of the past century, which is still standing. There 
is, of course, sentiment connected with the use of this yellow 
stone; however, it adapts itself splendidly in the color scheme. 
The gray stone is taken from a quarry on the old Baumgartner 
farm, about four miles from Zell, Mo., or about eight miles 
from Ste. Genevieve, Mo. (about 70 miles south of St. Louis). 
This being no commercial quarry, the Building Committee 
acquired the privilege from the owner of this farm to quarry 
the rock, proceeded to hire its own men to strip the ground, 
quarried the stone, and hired trucks to haul them to the railroad 


[41] 





PURER YAY PNAC 


ears. This is the approximate quantity of stone used: 6 cars 
of Perry County yellow stone, 219 tons; 48 cars of Ste. Gen- 
evieve gray stone, 2,161 tons; and 47 cars of Colorado red stone, 
1,996 tons. 

The object of the committee was to obtain stone which was 
cross-bedded; in other words, which would split in two direc- 
tions, so that it could be obtained in layers of any thinness and 
yet, by its cross-cleavage, present a face which would not require 
dressing with a chisel. The saving in labor realized by this 
type of stone compensated for the cost of transportation. The 
result are walls of beautiful masonry and, so far as human 
foresight goes, of absolute permanence. The tuck-pointing in 
itself was a major problem, as will be appreciated by any expert 
inspecting these walls. 


The concrete for wall-footings, columns, beams, and slabs is 
a mixture of one part cement, two parts sand, and four parts 
broken stone. The floors are constructed of reinforced. concrete 
of beam and slab construction and supported on exterior. walls 
and concrete columns. Excepting for wood roofs,. which are 
supported by steel ridge-beams and columns, all other construc- 
tion is fire-proof. The interior partitions and exterior wall 
furring are of hollow terra cotta blocks, laid in cement mortar. 
Plastering is applied directly to the terra cotta walls and the 
concrete ceilings. The walls in general, except where painted, 
are of sand-finish plaster, with hard, white burnished ceilings. 


All mill-work except in the few instances where it has been 
painted, is of white and red quartered oak. The wood roof- 
trusses and ceilings in the dining-halls and the Library are of 
Douglas Fir from the northwest coast. Special mill-work is 
used in the faculty and president’s rooms and in the Library 
and the dining-halls. 

The steel casement sash were made by the Crittal Company 
in England, chosen by the Architect on account of their resis- 
tance to wear and elements. The casement sash are glazed 
with leaded glass with 34-inch-wide reinforced leads. 

The finish of floors in general is cement, with terrazzo in 
toilet-rooms and dining-halls. In the Library and in the period- 
ical rooms linoleum is applied to cement. In the administration 
suites the floors are of oak. 


_ The slate on the roofs is from the Vermont quarries, with 
mixtures of unfading green, light and dark grays, and mottled 
slates, laid in elastic cement over a heavy roofing felt. The 





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North Front of Lecture Building, 1924. 
Showing Impregnable Nature of Walls and Footings, 


Plate 23 








Plate 24 





Founders’ Hall, 1924. 


Ramps for Moving Stone and Slate. 





Steel Framework of Assembly Hall Completed, 1924. 


a 
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a 





Raub ee melee 


slates graduate in exposure, with the thickest slate and greatest 
exposure at the bottom. In quantity, this was the largest slate 
contract ever let in this country. 

All rain-water gutters and downspouts and roof-flashings 
are of copper, there being no exposed wood except the doors. 

Marble in the toilet-rooms is imperial gray from Car- 
thage, Mo. 

The hardware is of Corbin manufacture, each building 
being master-keyed separately and the entire group controlled 
with one grand master-key. 

In connection with the Library is a three-tier cast-iron 
book stack with enameled-steel adjustable shelves and a dumb- 
waiter. The floors in this building are of slate, supported on 
steel construction. 

(Details supplied by Mr. Chas. Wehking, Jr.) 


XI. The Architecture of the Seminary. 


a 4@\\be firm which prepared the plans 
mn ( for the new Concordia Seminary 
od on uw 





has acquired national reputation 
as originators of college groups, 
building in the American modi- 
fication of the late Gothic style 
as it prevailed in England at the time of the 
Reformation. 


The style is sometimes called Tudor, after the name of the 
royal house of England which was then reigning. It is called 
Perpendicular because of the vertical lines which mark its con- 
struction, especially in the tracery of windows. It is called 
Collegiate Gothic because some of the famous colleges of 
England (Oxford, Cambridge) were built in this style of archi- 
tecture. 


Mr. Chas. Z. Klauder, of Philadelphia, is to- 
day reckoned as one of the leading originators 
of college buildings in this style. Together with 
Mr. Ralph A. Cram, of Boston, and the late 
Bernard Goodhue he is regarded as one of the 
greatest Gothicists which the present generation 
has produced. He has given his time not only 
to the general plan on which the Concordia 
buildings are laid out, but to most of the detail 
in designing. 

[44] 





eh MPs 


In accordance with the rules of Gothie art 
the college buildings are designed low to the 
ground, the inside vestibules being raised only 
four or five steps above the grade. A homelike, 
satisfying atmosphere is created by this com- 
parative lowness of the first floor of the build- 
ings, which cannot be obtained in any other way. 
The arrangement of buildings one story, one and 
a half, three, four, and five stories in height, 
around quadrangles, has developed a marvelous 
series of roof-lines. The roofs are steep in pitch 
and are covered with slate. These steep roofs 
are not only beautiful architecturally, but are 
very desirable on account of the heat prevailing 
during certain spring and fall months when the 
school is in session. 

The buildings are erected on several levels, 
thus adding a new feature of variety which 
greatly enhances their appearance. In several 
buildings one elevation is, as a result, a full 
story higher than the opposite one. At the same 
time the use which the Architect thus has made 
of the contours of the site has saved thousands 
of dollars in excavation. 

As for the general appearance of the group, 
it requires a personal visit to be appreciated. 
None of the pictures shown in this book convey 
an adequate impression. 


PERSIE. MP Nad 


There are nineteen buildings in all, in addition to the 
residences. Of these, two are detached, Founders’ Hall and the 
Power-house; the rest are united into one group and distrib- 
uted around five quadrangles, or courts. Manifestly the eye 
cannot take in more than one angle of the group at a time, and 
our pictures can show only such angles. However, when the 
drawings were first shown to friends of Concordia Seminary, 
words of high appreciation reached the Committee. Architect 
John Zink, of Baltimore, wrote us about his admiration of the 
design, by which, he says, our Church “expresses to the world 
and to future generations, in mighty, though silent sermons, its 
traditions and history, its purpose and work, its aspirations and 
hopes.” And a Detroit business man, when he saw the plans, 
said: “I am not an artist, but I appreciate this beautiful group 
of impressive structures, which speak of the glory of the present 
and breathe faith in the future, for which they were built.” 


The union of practical arrangement, noble 
architecture, and permanency secured through 
the cooperative effort of the New Concordia 
architects, Committee, and contractors, at a cost 
far below that generally required for the build- 
ing of a college group so impressive, has rarely 
been achieved, and never, if the word of experts 
may be trusted, in the history of American col- 
lege building. 








Plate 23 


East Front of Wyneken Hall. 


Administration Offices in Left Half 


Right Half. 


in 


e 


Faculty Room (large bay) ; Lecture-Halls 


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Plate 26 


The Lecture-Halls from the Northeast. 





Plate 27 





Portion of Lecture-Halls (north elevation). 


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Craemer Tower. 
Part of Schaller Dormitory to Right. 








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Entrance to South Dining-Hall (Koburg Hall). 





Plate 30 





West Front of Founders’ Hall. 
Fuerbringer Hall in Distance; Brohm Hall right. 








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Dormitory with Gustavus Adolphus Archway. 
Roof Unfinished. 








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XII. Description of the Buildings. 


he Seminary group consists of 
nineteen buildings, not counting 
the residences. There are ten 
dormitories, two dining-halls, a 
Service Building, a Lecture Hall 
Building, Assembly Hall, Li- 





_ brary, Administration Building, Main Entrance, 


and Power-house. Our description makes a cir- 


cuit of these buildings, beginning at the Main 


Entrance, passing around the north courts, and 


: returning through the central quadrangle. 


WALTHER ENTRANCE. 


This memorial to Dr. C. F. W. Walther, the 
great theologian and many years president of 


Concordia Seminary, consists of a system of 


entrance arches between the Administration 
Building, the Stoeckhardt Dormitory, and the 
Library. It embraces the lower portion of the 
projected Luther Tower designated on the plans 


as Reception-room. Within the entrance rise 
- huge pillars, from which arched ribs spring and 


meet in the ceiling. Above these arches there 
are two rooms. There are also rooms below the 


passage to the north of the Reception-room. 
[47] 


css MS Nie res 


The Reception-room opens into the Administra- 
tion Building. On the south wall of the Main 
Entrance is a beautiful carving, in stone, of the 
Log Cabin College, a work of the Philadelphia 
sculptor Mr. John Maene. 


Dr. Carl Ferdiand Wilhelm Walther —to his friends he was 
Ferdinand — was born October 25, 1811. The virtual ruler of Ger- 
many was then Napoleon Bonaparte. When Walther was a young 
man, the provinces of what was once the German Empire had re- 
gained sufficient self-government to make the prevailing state-church 
conditions an intolerable nuisance. Under the regulations in force, 
rationalists (infidels) and orthodox Lutherans were compelled to 
preach from the same pulpits and commune at the same altars. 
Rationalistic church books were forced upon the congregations. 
These conditions prompted that company of Lutheran Saxons of 
whom Dr. Walther later became leader to emigrate. During his eight 
college years, Ferdinand Walther had remained unconverted. It was 
during his university days that he came to a true knowledge of sin 
and to a conscious faith in the Savior of sinners. This was not 
through the instrumentality of his university instructors, who were 
rationalists, but through the benignant influence of the few heliev- 
ing friends whose companionship he enjoyed while attending the 
University of Leipzig, and by the gracious counsel of a Pastor 
Martin Stephan, to whom he had gone with his troubled conscience. 

When the colony had landed in Missouri, there came a time of 
great outward and spiritual distress. For a time the colonists 
doubted that they were members of the true Christian Church. But 
thanks to the firm faith and untiring zeal of Ferdinand Walther, 
these doubts were not only dispelled, but out of that series of dis- 
cussions known as the Altenburg Debate were developed the true 
principles of a free Church. It is for this noble work, based on 
Scripture, our precious Confessions, and the writings of Luther, that 
we perhaps owe our sainted leader our greatest thanks. 

After forty years of labor in the pulpit, in the lecture hall, and 
by means of the pen on behalf of sound Lutheranism, the great war- 
rior was called home. He died May 7, 1887, while the Synod was 
in session at Fort Wayne. 


The Faculty room contains a fine marble bust of Dr. C. F. 
W. Walther, the gift of the late Mr. C. F. G. Meyer, founder and 
president of Meyer Brothers Drug Company. The bust was 
earved of Carrara marble, after a photograph, when Mr. Meyer 
traveled in Italy in the last 90’s. 








PERG YY (Peat aes 


Log Cabin Stone. 


A reproduction in stone, high relief, of the Log Cabin built 
in Perry County, Mo., in 1839 by three candidates of theology, 
the Revs. Brohm, Buenger, Fuerbringer, who with their own 
hands built the first Concordia Seminary and were the first 
instructors in it. 


They had emigrated from Saxony with a colony of Lutherans 
under Rev. Martin Stephan. In order to build a school for the edu- 
cation of ministers, these three young men went to work, cleared 
the ground, broke it with a hoe, and planted a little corn and a few 
potatoes. Then they felled trees for the log house, dragging them 
to the clearing by main strength. Often their hands were bleeding 
at the end of a day’s work. They had no horses or oxen to do the 
work. They dug a cistern to assure a supply of drinking-water. 
They suffered thirst and hunger and were, besides, weakened by the 
unaccustomed climate. But they finally succeeded in completing 
their log house, which consisted of only one room. Three students 
were enrolled. This log cabin still stands. It beeame the mother 
institution of our Missouri Synod colleges. 


ADMINISTRATION BUILDING. 
(Wyneken Hall.) 

Fronting on the principal driveway is the 
largest building in the group, containing the 
Administration offices and part of the Lecture 
Halls. This structure is called Wyneken Hall, 
in honor of Frederick C. D. Wyneken, the 
pioneer missionary and organizer (born May 153, 
1810; died May 4, 1876). He made extensive 
tours in Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio and be- 
came one of the chief promoters of the move- 
ment which led to the organization of the Mis- 
souri Synod. For a time he was its president. 
His life has been an inspiration to all who labor 


in the Missouri Synod. 
4 


BEE OO euRaN Geant 


The Administration Building contains on 
the ground floor a number of rooms for official 
guests of the institution and some students’ 
rooms. On the main floor are the President’s 
room, the Dean’s rooms, and the faculty room. 
On the third floor are a number of committee 


rooms. 
LECTURE HALLS. 


There are eight lecture-rooms distributed on 
two floors of the building which forms the north- 
east corner of the group. Six of these are 
equipped with pedestal chairs and desks and 
two with tablet chairs. The rooms are well 
lighted, and the air is renewed by a fan-blower 
ventilator installed in the floor below. In the 
basement are rooms for student activities — the 
stationery, auction room, ete. In the third floor 
are located seven sound-proof music-rooms, one 
of them large enough to be suitable for orchestra 
practise. The Lecture Halls are connected on 
the first and second floors with another large 
structure, — 

THE ASSEMBLY HALL. 

In this hall the daily chapel exercises take 
place, and here lectures and programs for the 
general public are given. The hall has a large 
baleony. It is equipped with opera chairs, 817 
in number. A fine Wangerin organ is a feature 





pel cabot | sy Up Madina 


of this auditorium. The hall is ventilated by 
the same fan-blower which ventilates the Lec- 
ture Halls and the Library. 


Over the entrance-halls of the auditorium proper is located 
a fine room reserved for instruction of postgraduate classes. The 
old faculty table from the Concordia Seminary of 1883—1926 
and a table from the old Library have been installed in this 
room. It will not be equipped with desks, but students will sit 
around the tables with their instructor. 


Passing out of the West entrance of the 
auditorium and walking south, the first door 
opens into 


THE PRITZLAFF MEMORIAL LIBRARY. 


Of the two entrances, the northernmost gives 
access to the stack-room, really a building which 
joins the Assembly Hall on the north and the 
Library proper with its south wall. There are 
three stories built up of steel stacks with floors 
of heavy slate slabs, absolutely fire-proof, and the 
shelves are so constructed as to be easily cleaned. 
Repair bills have been almost entirely elimi- 
nated. ‘These stacks provide room for 70,000 
books. 

A door leads from the second floor of the 
stack-room to the main floor of the Library 
proper, the Reading-room. This is one of the 
largest rooms in the group, measuring eighty 
feet in length and twenty-four feet in width. 


PAA ETE 5:5 MU nee 


The walls are lined with bookcases, and suitable 
tables and chairs are provided for reading and 
study. On the ground floor is provided a peri- 
odical room, also work-rooms and offices. 

The Library is a gift to the Synod in memory 
of John Pritzlaff, of Milwaukee, Wis., for many 
years a faithful member of our Synod. 


WEST DORMITORIES. 

In the ten dormitories of the institution, 
room is provided for approximately four hun- 
dred students. The general type of living quar- 
ters is a two-room suite for two students, con- 
sisting of a living-room and a bedroom. There 
are also a number of large rooms, which serve 
as a combined study and bedroom for two stu- 
dents. A few rooms will contain study and bed- 
room equipment for a single student. The 
equipment of the rooms consists of a good desk 
and chair, bed, mattress, wardrobe space, lamp, 
and waste-basket for each student, also a cos- 
tumer and a bookshelf for each suite or single 
room, and a small rug for each bedroom. The 
wardrobes are built in. The main lavatory of 
each dormitory is on the second floor, Auxiliary 
lavatories are found on all other floors. Also the 
attic floors provide dormitory space. Far from 
being undesirable, these rooms, on account of the 





quiet which they afford and the beautiful views 
from their windows, are considered very attrac- 
tive. Personal visits to institutions having sim- 
ilar rooms, and consultations with the managers 
of such dormitories, also with students (at Cor- 
nell, Princeton, and Yale), have assured the Com- 
mittee of this fact. 

The dormitories consist of a Western group 
of six and an Eastern group of three, and the 
Postgraduate Hall. The latter connects the 
Dining-hall group with the main entrance and 
faces the great quadrangle, which is surrounded 
by most of the West Dormitory group. The East 
Dormitory is called Founders’ Hall and consists 
of three dormitories under one roof. All ten 
dormitories are named after former professors 
of the institution. 


Schaller Dormitory. 


This dormitory, together with the Pritzlaff Library, forms 
the north side of the great quadrangle; the Tyndale Archway 
furnishes the means of communication (between Dormitory and 
Library) with the northwest court. The Schaller Dormitory 
houses 47 students. It is named after Prof. Gottlieb Schaller, 
who was professor in Concordia Seminary from 1872 to 1887. 
He was born in Germany, February 12, 1819, and came to 
America in 1848 and first served a congregation in Baltimore. 
Later he was pastor in Detroit and then was called to St. Louis 
as Professor of Church History. He held this chair until the 
time of his death, November 19, 1887. Professor Schaller was 
a well-read and cultured man and possessed a fine poetic gift. 


BUSS Ni. 


Craemer Tower. 


The dormitory on the northwest corner of the main quad- 
rangle, rising to a height of five full stories, with battlemented 
top. It houses 35 students. Craemer Dormitory is named in 
honor of Friedrich August Craemer, born May 26, 1812, in 
Germany. He came to America in 1845 as pastor of a colony 
of emigrants at Frankenmuth. He served Concordia Seminary 
in the Practical Department 1861—1875 and at Springfield, IIl., 
to the time of his death, May 3, 1891. Craemer was a staunch 
Lutheran theologian and a man of immense will-power, whose 
influence will be felt for generations in our Church. 


E. A. Brauer Dormitory, 


A large extension to the north of the Craemer Tower. It 
houses 56 students and is named in honor of Prof. E. A. Brauer, 
born in Germany April 19, 1819; one of the men whom Loehe 
sent to America in charge of his emigrant colonists. He was 
professor of theology in Concordia Seminary from 1863 to 
1872 and then was pastor in St. Louis, Mo., and Crete, IIl., 
where he died September 29, 1896. He was an eloquent preacher 
and a stalwart theologian. 


A. L. Graebner Dormitory. 


Forming the western limits of the main quadrangle. At its 
southern end the Gustavus Adolphus Archway leads to the out- 
side of the group (athletic fields). The hall has space for 
56 students. It is named in honor of Dr. A. L. Graebner, who 
was Professor of Church History and Dogmatics at the institu- 
tion from 1887 to 1904. Professor Graebner was a descendant 
of old Bavarian stock and was born in Michigan during early 
colonization days (July 10, 1849). He taught in Northwestern 
University, Watertown, Wis., then at the Theological Seminary 
of the Wisconsin Synod in Milwaukee, and in 1887 was called 
to St. Louis. He was the founder of English work in the Mis- 
souri Synod on its literary side, and the most versatile of the 
Missouri Synod theologians. 


The splendid memorial tablet in the vestibule was unveiled 
at the dedication ceremonies in 1926. It was the gift of the 
graduating class of 1901. 








Pe OU Re a 


Rudolph Lange Dormitory. 


The entrance to this dormitory from the north is on the 
south side of the Gustavus Adolphus Archway. It houses 
32 students and is named as a memorial to Prof. Rudolph 
Lange, who was born in Germany June 4, 1825. Having studied 
in Perry County and at Fort Wayne, he became professor in 
Concordia College 1858—1860 and in Concordia Seminary 
1872—-1892. He was widely read in the branches which he 
taught, Philosophy and Logic. 


Guenther Dormitory. 


The memorial to Prof. Martin Guenther, which joins the 
Lange Dormitory on the south side of the great quadrangle. 
It has room for 37 students. Prof. Martin Guenther was born 
December 4, 1831, in Saxony and studied in Perry County and 
at St. Louis. He was professor of the institution from 1873 to 
his death, June 22, 1893. His text-book on Comparative Doc- 
trine is standard to the present day. 


George Stoeckhardt Graduate Hall. 


The quadrangle has an open space to the south. This is to 
be filled in by an extension of the dining-halls when the enrol- 
ment will make that necessary. To the east the quadrangle is 
closed by a low and architecturally beautiful building, the Post- 
graduate Hall, named in memory of Dr. Stoeckhardt, who 
served the institution from 1879 to the time of his death, 
January 9, 1918. Born in Saxony, February 17, 1842, he had 
a stirring career on account of his opposition to the unionistic 
policy of the state-church. Dr. Stoeckhardt was the author of 
sermon books and commentaries which will never lose their 
value. He was one of the foremost expounders of Scripture 
that the Lutheran Church has produced. In the building 
named in his honor the students of the (fourth or elective) 
postgraduate year are housed. Its capacity is 33 students. 


Founders’ Hall. 


The dormitory located to the east of the main driveway. It 
is composed of three separate dormitory units, each of which 
has its own entry. These dormitories, which have a capacity 
of 94 students, are dedicated to the founders of Concordia 


Seminary. The northern section is named after Ottomar Fuer- 
bringer, born June 30, 1810, who came to America with the 
Saxon pilgrims 1839 as candidate of theology and with his two 
companions founded the Log Cabin Seminary in the primeval 
forests of Perry County, Mo. He was one of the founders of the 
Missouri Synod and died at Frankenmuth, Mich., July 12, 1892. 


The south wing is dedicated to the memory of John F. 
Buenger, born June 2, 1810, in Saxony. He soon removed from 
Perry County to St. Louis, where he served in the ministry 
until his death, January 23, 1882. 


The central portion of Founders’ Hall is named in honor of 
Theodore Julius Brohm, born September 12, 1808, in Saxony. 
He taught longest in the Log Cabin College (1839—1843), at 
one time being the sole instructor. As minister of Holy Cross 
Church, St. Louis, he for many years again taught classes at 
the Seminary. He died September 4, 1881. 


Fine dedicatory brass tablets, the product of the Flour City 
Ornamental Iron Co. of Minneapolis, have been placed in the 
vestibules of Founders’ Hall. 


SERVICE BUILDING AND DINING-HALLS. 


This group of buildings is situated exactly 
west of Founders’ Hall, the Dining-Hall wings 
extending east from the north and south ends of 
the Service Building. The kitchen is on the first 
floor of the central portion, the Service Building. 
On the second and third floors are the living 
quarters for the kitchen help. The kitchen is 
a large, spacious room with high ceiling, white- 
glazed brick walls, well lighted and ventilated, 
equipped with modern kitchen machinery, 
ranges, steam cookers, dish-washers, work- and 
serving-tables. The floor is of red quarry tile. 








Pook AS 11) pe aaa 


In arrangement and equipment it is, in the 
opinion of experts, second to no kitchen in the 
United States. 


The ice-boxes are supplied with mechanical refrigerators. 
The refrigerating machinery in the basement furnishes refrig- 
eration for large storage chambers, where meat, poultry, milk, 
butter, fruit, and vegetables can be kept in separate compart- 
ments, fresh and wholesome; also for drinking-water system in 
dining-halls. There is also a small refrigerating tank, where 
fifteen 50-lb. cakes of ice can be made every twenty-four hours, 
for table use. The refrigerant used is carbon dioxide. The 
compressor is of eleven-ton capacity, motor-driven, and is pro- 
vided with control equipment for automatically starting and 
stopping the compressor. The drinking-water and the ice-tank 
are cooled by direct expansion coils. Separate systems of brine 
circulation are provided, one low-temperature system for the 
ice cream units and one for storage-rooms and refrigerator 
boxes. The five refrigerator boxes located in the kitchen and 
bake-shop have a total cubical contents of 520 cubic feet. 

The bake-shop is equipped with modern flour-bins, with 
conveyor and sifters to speedily revolving dough-mixing ma- 
chinery, dough-troughs, work-tables, cake-machines, pastry- 
cookers and bake-oven. 

Elevators are installed between receiving-room floor and 
basement, where there are two very spacious storerooms; like- 
wise a dumb-waiter from bake-shop and butcher-shop to kitchen 
floor and to employees’ dining-room. All this machinery is 
operated by electricity and protected by automatic safety 
devices. 


Meals are served through two exits, which 
open to the north and south into the dining- 
halls. Each of these halls is a one-story build- 
ing with timbered ceiling and with a capacity of 
two hundred and fifty students each. The stu- 
dents are seated at long tables, the construction 
of these and of the chairs being of the sturdiest, 
yet in harmony with the appearance of the halls. 


RUUD 2) a 


HEATING- AND POWER-PLANT. 

In the Power-house to the southwest of the 
main group three great boilers and a smaller 
auxiliary boiler have been installed, which will 
furnish the steam for the heating of the build- 
ings and for power to run the generators in the 
electric light plant. This plant is housed in the 
same building. The heating-plant also furnishes 
hot water for the wash-rooms in all the buildings 
except the residences. 


RESIDENCES. 

Twelve residences were included in the ap- 
propriation of 1923. The location selected for 
them is the area to the northwest of the Aca- 
demic group. The houses are disposed on both 
sides of a road running east and west. In archi- 
tecture the houses have necessarily been kept in 
harmony with the group of Seminary buildings. 
Instead of stone, however, an inexpensive grade 
of brick has been used which was found to be of 
sufficient hardness and of a color which will 
blend with the appearance of the dormitories 
close by. ‘Ten of the houses are two-story resi- 
dences with study, living-room, dining-room, and 
kitchen on the first floor and with four bedrooms 
and a bathroom on the second floor. The attic is 
left unfinished. The roofs are high, on account 








Uy pea 


of the heat which prevails in St. Louis during 
some summer months. ‘T'wo of the houses are 
bungalows, with a bedroom on the first floor and 
two bedrooms on the second floor. 


GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS ARCHWAY. 
West Entrance into Great Quadrangle. 


This archway is named in honor of Gusta- 
vus II, Adolphus, King of Sweden; born De- 
cember 9, 1594; died November 16, 1632. 


In his day the Emperor of Germany attempted by force to 
bring back the Protestants to Catholicism. More than nine- 
tenths of Germany had been won over for the Reformation 
cause, when the fanatical ruler placed two of the most cruel 
generals of all times, Wallenstein and Tilly, into the field. 
They soon overran Germany, and Lutheranism seemed to be 
doomed. In June, 1630, Gustavus Adolphus landed with a 
Swedish army on the coast of Germany. In a short time he had 
beaten down the imperial armies and thus became the savior of 
Protestantism. His last battle was that of Luetzen. 

It was on the morning of the 16th of November, 1632, that the 
Catholic army under Wallenstein and the Evangelical under Gustavus 
Adolphus stood over against each other at Luetzen ready to strike. 
As the morning dawned, Gustavus Adolphus summoned his court 
preacher Fabricius and commanded him, as also the army chaplains 
of all the other regiments, to hold a service of prayer. During this 
service the whole host sang the pious king’s battle-hymn Verzage 
nicht, dw Haeuflein klein. He himself was on his knees and prayed 
fervently. Meantime a thick mist had descended, which hid the 
fatal field, so that nothing could be distinguished. When the host 
had now been set in battle array, he gave them as watchword for 
the fight the saying, “God with us!” mounted his horse, drew his 
sword, and rode along the lines of the army to encourage the soldiers 
for the battle. First, however, he commanded the tunes Hin’ feste 
Burg and Es woll’ uns Gott genaedig sein to be played by the kettle- 
drums and trumpets, and the soldiers joined as with one voice. The 
mist now began to disappear, and the sun shone through. Then, 
after a short prayer, he cried out, “Now will we set to, please God,” 
and immediately after, very loud, “Jesu, Jesu, Jesu, help me to-day 


pe ARVO a he 


to fight for the honor of Thy holy name!” ‘Then he attacked the 
enemy at full speed, defended only by a leathern gorget. “God is 
my harness,” he had said to the servant who wished to put on his 
armor. The conflict was hot and bloody. About 11 o’clock in the 
forenoon the fatal bullet struck him, and he sank, dying, from his 
horse with the words, “My God, my God!” Till twilight came on, 
the fight raged, and the issue was doubtful. But at length the 


Evangelical host obtained the victory, as it had prophetically sung 
at dawn. 


According to Theodore A. Dodge, the American military 
expert, Gustavus Adolphus was one of the six greatest military 
geniuses the world has ever seen. He says that the Swedish 
king exhibited “patience akin to Hannibal’s, persuasiveness like 
to Caesar’s, boldness equal to Alexander’s.” Again: “Gustavus 
Adolphus has fairly earned the title of Father of the Modern 
Art of War and must be acknowledged as the captain of all 
others who recreated methodical, systematic, intellectual war 


and who taught the world that there could exist such a thing 
as civilized warfare.” 


The beautiful memorial tablet shows the king 
on the morning of the Battle of Luetzen. The 
opening line of his swan-song is given in Swedish 
below. 

TYNDALE ARCHWAY. 
Passage Between Pritzlaff Library and Schaller Dormitory. 


William Tyndale is the translator of the 
English Bible. The anniversary of his New 
Testament was celebrated all over the world in 
the year 1925, when this archway was built. The 
sum necessary for its construction was collected 
by the students of Concordia Seminary from 
among their own midst. 


Tyndale contributed to our Scriptures, so writes Professor 
Goodspeed, of Chicago, “not only more than any other man, 
but more than all the others combined.” He “shaped the reli- 
gious vocabulary of the English-speaking world.” At his time 


Plate 35 





Tyndale Archway, Containing Entrance to Pritzlaff Library. 
Assembly Hall Entrance in Distance. 


> Ak a, 


Pe IT 





William Tyndale Memorial Tablet. 


Plate 36 








RCRD A hau 


the Reformation inaugurated by Martin Luther was already 
being violently debated throughout England. Tyndale accepted 
the evangelical doctrine and so completely revised the English 
Bible by comparison with the original Hebrew and Greek that 
it became practically a new Book. 


Born in 1484, William Tyndale was a son of the soil, probably 
the soil of Gloucestershire. While he was still in his teens, he went 
to Oxford, where he took his master’s degree in the year 1505. Then, 
at the age of twenty-three years, he proceeded to Cambridge for what 
we should call postgraduate work. Part of his work was done on 
the continent of Europe, where he became a scholar of Luther. 
Dr. A. L. Graebner wrote in the Theological Quarterly, 1903: — 

“Where he spent the time till the spring of 1525, when his 
New Testament was ready for the press, is a matter of dispute. The 
unanimous evidence of his contemporaries supports the view that he 
was with Luther at Wittenberg and that he worked there at his 
translation. In 1525 he came to Cologne to have his book printed 
by Peter Quentel. 

“The relation of Tyndale’s quarto edition to Luther’s German 
New Testament is very close. The order of the books, the arrange- 
ment of the text, the glosses on the outer margin, and the references 
to parallel passages on the inner margin, the prologs, and many 
renderings in the text, establish this relation beyond a doubt. ‘To 
any scholar,’ says Tyndale’s biographer, Demaus, ‘who sits down to 
collate with care the versions of the English and German trans- 
lators, two facts speedily become plain and indisputable, viz., that 
Tyndale had Luther’s work before him and constantly consulted and 
occasionally adopted it, and that he never implicitly follows Luther, 
but translates from the original with the freedom of a man who had 
perfect confidence in his own scholarship.’ ”’ 

In 1535, through treachery, Tyndale was seized and imprisoned 
in Vilvorde Castle, near Brussels. In the archives of the Council 
of Brabant there is a letter from Tyndale begging “for permission 
to have a candle in the evening, for it is weary work to sit alone in 
the dark.” He now completed the translation of the Old Testament 
from Joshua to Second Chronicles, inclusive. On October 6, 1536, 
Tyndale was martyred. First he was strangled; his body was then 
burned at the stake, and to-day he has no tomb. It is in the hearts 
of millions that he lives. “Lord, open the King of England’s eyes!” 
was his final prayer. And in two years it was answered. By royal 
mandate the Bible was ordered to be read in the churches. 


Memorial tablet. For all its simplicity a mag- 
nificent example of art in bronze, on the east wall 
of the Schaller dormitory and within the Tyn- 
dale Archway, opposite the Library entrance. 


aI aS (ue 


The tablet shows Tyndale at his desk, occupied 
with the translation of the Bible into English. 
This tablet, as also that in the Gustavus Adol- 
phus Archway, is the product of the Flour City — 
Ornamental Iron Works of Minneapolis. 

For carved stones see Stone Emblems, Nos. 40 
and 41. The archway contains a notable example 
of arched vaulting, partly seen in our illustra- 


tion. 
LUTHER STATUE. 


When the buildings were dedicated in 1926, 
the Luther statue was not yet in the location re- 
served for it on the automobile concourse, but 
was still on its familiar place near the old Sem- 
inary. The statue is an exact reproduction of 
Rietschel’s famous masterpiece forming part of 
the Reformation Monument dedicated at Worms 
in 1883. It is the gift of the Luther and Walther 
Monument Association and was dedicated in 
1903. The statue was cast by the Flour City 
Ornamental Iron Co. of Minneapolis, Minn. 


Plate 37 





The Power-Plant. 


AITII. Power-Plant and Mechanical 
Equipment. 


ight, heat, and power required for 
the institution are furnished from 
a central plant located in the 
Power-house building, about 500 
feet from the main group. 


Underground tunnels, approximately 1,500 feet in length, 
connect the Power-house with the various buildings. All steam 
and return lines, electric light and power feeders, telephone 
cable, wiring for clock system, etc., are carried through these 
tunnels, which are sufficient in size to permit a man to walk 
through. All lines are thus accessible for repairs. Ventilation 
is provided by means of manhole gratings. 

Boilers. — The boiler-plant consists of three horizontal 
water-tube boilers with a combined rated capacity of 1,050 
horse-power. These boilers are equipped with underfeed stokers, 
forced-draft type, to insure economical operation. The amount 
of coal and air supplied to the boilers is automatically controlled 
and varies with the load changes. This installation is capable 
of taking care of a considerable portion of any contemplated 
future extension. 

An auxiliary boiler of 150 horse-power capacity is provided 
for summer use, which will furnish steam to hot-water gen- 
erators and the kitchen when the main plant is shut down. 

Storage space for about 400 tons of coal is provided directly 
in front of the boilers, coal being delivered to bunkers through 
manholes in the driveway above. Ashes are removed from the 
hoppers to the ash-tunnel located below the boiler-room floor 
and wheeled to the dump west of the building. 

Hlectricity. — Two generating units are provided to furnish 
electric current for light and power. Each unit consists of 
a 250-KVA, 440-volt, 3-phase, 60-cycle alternator directly con- 
nected with a Uniflow engine. The second unit now serves as 

[63] 





a spare. Later, when additional buildings will have been 
erected, the two units can be operated in parallel and will have 
a capacity sufficient to care for the requirements for many years. 

All exhaust-steam from the engines will be utilized in 
heating the buildings. 

From the main switchboard, feeders run through the tun- 
nels to the various buildings, where the current is transformed 
down to 110/220 volt, single-phase, for lighting and 220 volts, 
3-phase, for power. 


Air Compressor. — An air compressor capable of delivering 
125 cubic feet of air per minute at 100-pound pressure furnishes 
compressed air, which is distributed through pipe-lines to the 
various buildings, to be used for blowing down motors, and is 
also available for use in connection with boiler repairs, such 
as expanding tubes, riveting, ete. 


Water. — A water-plant is provided in the power-house to 
furnish the institution with filtered water at constant pressure. 
This equipment includes a main reservoir tank 24 feet in diam- 
eter by 18 feet high, of about 50,000 gallons’ capacity, into 
which the water flows from the low-pressure county mains. 
Two motor-driven pumps, each with a capacity of 300 gallons 
a minute, draw the water from this tank and force it through 
sand filters into a stand pipe, 4 feet 6 inches in diameter by 
25 feet high. From this stand-pipe the distributing lines to all 
the various fixtures in the building are carried. Water-heaters 
located in the various pump-rooms supply hot water to showers 
and lavatories. 


Ventilation. — Mechanical ventilation is provided for the 
Library Building, the Assembly Hall, and the Lecture Halls. 
Supply-fans located in the basement of the Lecture Hall Build- 
ing furnish washed air heated to 70 degrees, and the exhaust- 
fans located in the same room remove the foul air. The tem- 
perature is automatically controlled by means of thermostats. 


Vacuum Cleaning. —'Two vacuum cleaning plants are pro- 
vided for the Library Building, the Assembly Hall, and the 
Lecture Halls. Each plant is motor-driven and has sufficient 
capacity to permit two sweepers in operation at one time. 


Meters.— In order to insure economical operation of the 
central power-plant, the necessary measuring-devices, recording 
instruments, meters, etc., are being installed, 1) in order that 
the actual cost of manufacturing steam and electric current 


may be determined, and 2) that the proper distribution charges 
may be made against the various departments, based upon the 
amounts consumed. 


Program Clocks. — The program clock and time-bell system 
consists of a master-clock and approximately 22 secondary clocks 
and time-bells, located in the various buildings. The self- 
winding master-clock is located in the Dean’s office and auto- 
matically regulates the secondary clocks once each minute and 
controls the automatic program device which operates the 
various time-bells on six different programs. ‘These programs 
may be varied from day to day to accommodate changes in 
recitation hours, etc. These bells can also be operated manually 
and used for fire-alarm or other emergency signals. 


House Telephone. — A complete telephone system for inter- 
communication between the various departments has been pro- 
vided. This system is entirely separate from the Bell telephone 
and cannot be used outside of the grounds. ‘There are about 
75 dial-type telephones and code-bells located in the various 
buildings. An automatic telephone switchboard of 100-line 
capacity, together with a code calling-machine is located in the 
Supervisor’s office in the basement of the Lecture Hall Building. 
The equipment is entirely automatic and requires no operator. 


(Data supplied by Mr. H. H. Morrison, Engineer. ) 


XIV. Future Development. 


i] rovision is made for such develop- 
ment as may become necessary 
if God permits the work of our 
institution to expand. A block 
plan has been adopted which 
provides for future dormitory 
development to care for an additional four hun- 
dred students, or an ultimate capacity of eight 
hundred. Dining-hall wings can be add<d to the 
west without altering kitchen arrangements. 
A site has been selected for a future gymnasium, 
likewise for an infirmary or hospital. 

In modern college groups the significant fea- 
ture is the chapel. These college ‘‘chapels”’ are 
usually large and stately buildings, sometimes 
dominating the entire academic group. The 
architect’s layout provides for a chapel to the 
southeast of the first Concordia group of build- 
ings. It is not expected that this chapel can be 
built without the aid of wealthy friends of the 
institution who are willing to give in large 
amounts. The liberality of some of our well- 
to-do Lutherans is likewise counted upon for 
the realization of that splendid conception, the 
Concordia Seminary Tower, to be named after 
Dr. Martin Luther. 





[66] 


RA ig gee 


LUTHER TOWER. 


This structure, according to the architect’s 
plans, rises at the junction of Administration 
Building, Library, and Postgraduate Dormitory. 
Its height from the level will be 120 feet. When 
completed, it will unquestionably be a thing of 
great architectural beauty and one of the finest 
monuments erected in any land to the memory 
of the great Reformer. Aptly enough, as 
Dr. Walther, the leading theologian of the 
Missouri Synod, desired to be called nothing 
else than a pupil of Martin Luther, the Memo- 
rial Entrance named in honor of Dr. Walther 
leans, as it were, upon the tower at its base. 


The lower portion of the tower, containing the Reception- 
room, was built under a special contract together with the Main 
Entrance. Below ground is the Archive-room of the Seminary. 
Facing the northeast court is a room available for committee 
purposes. On the first-floor level of the main quadrangle is the 
Reception-room. Above this is an unassigned room. Doors 
open upon the entrance archway and into the Administration 
Building from the Reception-room. 

The tower is in two stages in its height, the lower being 
regarded as of double walls, the inner of which forms the ex- 
terior wall of the upper stage. Contrasted with its width, the 
lower window openings are very high and, as the designer hoped, 
are impressive on that account. “To surmount such a feature 
by a like feature of great height seemed to him to promise 
a certain dignity and mass quite beyond any impression due to 
the actual low height of the tower. To that end, also, the 
buildings adjacent to the tower are kept low, so that by contrast 
the tower might seem high. It must be remembered that if the 
tower could not be built for a certain limited cost, it could not 
be built at all.” 


It is interesting to know that when completed, the tower 
will contain as much masonry and cut stone as the largest of 
our dormitories, Founders’ Hall. It will then dominate the 
entire West End of the city of St. Louis and add architectural 
completeness to the group. 


The Luther Tower is unique in its concep- 
tion, and as far as the architect knows, it has 
no prototype. It has strength, yet elegance and 
erace prevail, and in its composition and mass 
we find a design so well balanced in its many 
component parts that the whole results in a har- 
monious blending of mass, void, and detail. No 
one can fail to be impressed with the distinction 
and charm that the design radiates. 

The necessary funds both for the Reception- 
room and the Main Entrance were obtained 
from friends of the institution, and by similar 
efforts it is hoped that the tower will be com- 
pleted. 


Plate 38 





Luther Tower. 
View from Northeast Court. 


., a oe 
iu ay es 
t 


et 
+ 


egy 


athe 


Cay 
¥ 


et 
Sy 





Che Symbolian 





The Symbolism. 


The plans of 1924—1926 provided oppor- 
tunity for embellishment suitable for a Church 
which has a long and stirring history in Europe 
and America. On various gateways, under cop- 
ings, and on a number of bays the architect’s 
drawings called for carved stones, on which 
shields and other shapes were to be placed, 
bearing symbols and emblems of various kinds. 
The Committee decided to place emblematic 
designs of a distinctly Christian and Lutheran 
character on all these stones. A search was 
made in the literature of symbolism for suitable 
designs. The Concordia Seminary collection of 
memorial coins rendered good service. The 
leaded glass medallions which had been pro- 
vided for a number of windows gave more op- 
portunity than even the stone for embellishment 
with Christian and Lutheran symbols. A Com- 
mittee on Emblems and Inscriptions was ap- 
pointed by the Building Committee, which for 
two years labored towards the accomplishment 
of its task. This was, briefly, to gather as great 
a variety as possible of Christian and particu- 


larly Lutheran emblems for the embellishment 
(71) 


RUN gt Mist: 


of Concordia Seminary. The stones bearing 
Christian symbolism or inscriptions number 99. 
The medallions and panels in stained glass run 
to a total of 188. 

The Committee availed itself of the services 
of L. W. B. Taenzer, of St. Louis, a Lutheran 
artist.* 

The symbolism worked into the stone and 
olass of Concordia Seminary, while not exhaus- 
tive of the field, is of a completeness never be- 
fore attempted. It should prove an inspira- 
tion, not only to future builders of Lutheran 
institutions, but to Lutheran church architects 
as well. There is opportunity in Christian and 
Lutheran symbolism for more than the anchor, 
the cross, the crown, and the Luther seal; there 
is an unsuspected wealth of Biblical and histor- 
ical emblems of highest decorative value. Even 
if they meant nothing at all to the casual visi- 
tor, they would be beautiful as mere decorations. 
And even he to whom their beauty makes no 
appeal must feel the attraction of their quaint 
and even romantic interest. 

While much space is given in this booklet to 
the carved stone and painted glass, it should not 


* Mr. Taenzer is willing to serve our congregations along simi- 
lar lines in a professional way. Address him at Concordia Publish- 
ing House, St, Louis, Mo, 


be assumed that either the Building Committee 
spent an extraordinary amount of its delibera- 
tions on these various emblems or that their 
cost was very large. The Building Committee 
decided only major questions affecting the deco- 
rative elements and left the detail to a special 
committee, which worked out the entire scheme 
and made all the selections. As sufficient gifts 
were received for the purposes of the Building 
Committee’s Commission on Art, no ‘‘extras’”’ 
were added to the cost of the buildings through 
the embellishments hereafter described. 


i. Emblems in Stone. 


Aside from the Log Cabin Stone in the Main 
Entrance, the emblematic devices carved in stone 
usually occupy a small shield, eight or ten inches 
in diameter, and were included in the original 
plan for the building. They are displayed in 
prominent places, principally over doorways. 
Some slightly larger stones are built into the 
wall near copings and entrance arches. A num- 
ber of smaller shields embellish the front of the 
Library and the Lecture Hall stairway. The 
designs upon these stones were chosen with ref- 
erence to the nature of the building on which 
they are situated, and are all of a historical 
character, the symbolism ranging all the way 
from Old Testament prophecy and imagery to 
incidents of quite recent years. 


A. LECTURE HALL GROUP. 


1) Torch (over Lecture Hall entrance). — The symbol of 
learning and enlightenment. The Greek inscription signifies: 
“From above the light has come.” 


2) Lamp (over Lecture Hall entrance).— The lamp is an 
exact reproduction of a bronze lamp now in the British Museum, 
used by the early Christians in Rome. It bears the sacred 
monogram which consists of a cross fashioned in such a way 
as to suggest two Greek letters CHR(ist). See Stained Glass 
schedule, No. 41. The Latin inscription signifies: “The Light 


of the World.” 
[74] 


3) H our-glass (over Lecture Hall entrance). — This is an 
admonition to the students and faculty to make use of their 
time. The Latin inscription means: “Make use of every day.” 


4) Candlestick (over Lecture Hall entrance). — The seven- 
armed candlestick used in the Tabernacle is employed in Rev- 
elation as a symbol of the Christian congregations united into 
one invisible body of believers through the oil of the Holy 
Spirit and illuminating the world by good works. The Greek 
letters signify: “Unto the Churches.” The symbol is to remind 
teachers and students of the Church which they serve. (The 
drawing is a reproduction of a candlestick used to this day in 
a Jewish synagog.) 


Stone Shields on Lecture Hall, North Front. 


5) Palm-tree. — The symbols on these four stones are like 
the emblems on the windows above and below, symbolical of 
Christ. The palm has even on some of the most ancient Chris- 
tian sepulchers been used as an emblem of the victory which 
Christ has won for His own. 


6) Lilies. — This is the emblem of the annunciation of the 
Savior’s birth made by Gabriel to Mary. 

7) The Rose of Sharon. — Referred to in the Song of Solo- 
mon, 2,1. The rose is a symbol of the union of Christ with His 
Church. The carving of this stone is an exact reproduction of 
the roses found in the Plain of Sharon, in Palestine. The rose 
refers also to Christ’s kingdom on account of Is. 35,1, wherein 
the desert blossoms as the rose at the coming of the Kingdom 
of Righteousness. 

8) The Vine.— The vine is again the symbol of Jesus 
Christ, in accordance with the text, John 15,1. It is one of the 
most common and, at the same time, one of the most beautiful 
symbols of Christianity, being very frequently used in Gothic 
decorations. 

9) Acorns and Oak-leaves (over Assembly Hall entrance). 
This emblem and the adjoining one (10) represent the qualities 
our Church must have if it is to endure. The oak stands for 
strength —in this case for the strength of faith. The pome- 
granate stands for fruitfulness — the necessity of constant addi- 
tions to the ranks of the holy ministry. 

10) Pomegranate Leaves, Flowers, and Seed-pod. — See 
note above. 


IO Tf; Wipeout 


11) Augsburg Confession (under coping, above Assembly 
Hall entrance). — This beautiful carving is done after a model 
supplied by a coin struck in memory of the second centennial 
of the Augsburg Confession in 1730. It represents two hands 
clasped, signifying the union of the churches on the basis of 
the Bible. The lettering in the ribbon above the candle is 
“V.D.M.I. AE.” and signifies, “The Word of God remains 
unto eternity.” The date of the adoption of the Augsburg 
Confession is given —June 25, 1530. 


In Faculty Room. 
Shields on Fireplace. 


12) Alpha. — The first letter of the alphabet together with 
the last letter, Omega (No. 18), signifies Jesus Christ, who, as 
Son of God, includes all, time and eternity. Rev. 1,11. 

13) Greek Inscription. — “Through faith.” The words are 
taken from Rom. 3, 22. 

14) Hebrew Inscription. — “Immanuel.” The name of the 
Savior in which the doctrine regarding the person of Christ as 
God-man is summed up in one word. The word occurs Is. 7, 14. 

15) Lamp and Bible. — Indicating that from the doctrine 
of Holy Seriptures all teachings shall flow which are taught by 
this Faculty in classroom and by printed page. 

16) Hebrew Inscription. — It signifies “Jehovah, our Right- 
eousness,” and is taken from Jer. 23, 6. 


17) Greek Inscription. — The word is to be translated “By 
faith” and is found in Rom. 3, 24. 


18) Omega. — See note under No. 12. 


President’s Room. 


19) C. F. W. Walther, 1850—1887. — Central shield on 
mantel in President’s Room. ‘The other six shields are left 
blank. (See No.187, in Assembly Hall panels; also Main 
Entrance. ) 


Main Entrance. 


20) Shield to the left of inscription on oriel: “Walther 
Entrance.” Trowel and sword. Symbol of labor and conflict. 
21) Shield to the right of inscription on oriel: “Walther 


Kntrance.” Dove picking grapes. Ancient Christian symbol of 
eternal life. 


22) Interior of Entrance. — On south wall: Perry County 
Log Cabin stone. For description see paragraphs on Main 
Entrance in the first part of this book. 


B. PRITZLAFF LIBRARY. 
Shield over Entrance. 


23) This is within the Tyndale Archway, a shield with coat 
of arms emblematic of Paul, the missionary of Jesus Christ. 
The Greek word inscribed upon it signifies: “It is written.” 
The sentiment is not only highly appropriate for the entrance 
to a theological library, but by a word, as it were, sums up that 
reverence for Scripture and faithfulness to its teachings which 
characterizes the Lutheran Church. 


Shields on Front Bays, Main Court. 


24) Peter. — The emblems of St. Peter are the keys, derived 
from our Lord’s words to that apostle as recorded in Matt. 16, 19. 
In very early art one key is sometimes found represented in the 
hand of Peter; but the most usual number is two, symbolizing 
the key of heaven and the key of hell. 

25) Andrew. — The well-known Cross of St. Andrew is the 
emblem universally given to that apostle. He is believed to 
have suffered death upon a cross of that form. 

26) James the Great. — The usual emblems of this apostle 
are a pilgrim’s staff, scrip, and an escallop-shell. The staff and 
scrip are given to him because he was the first of the apostles 
to go forth to foreign lands to fulfil the sacred mission. The 
exact meaning of the shell is lost in antiquity. 

27) John.— As an apostle, John’s emblem is a cup, with 
a serpent issuing from it. A legend states that on one occasion 
the chalice which St. John was about to use was secretly poi- 
soned, and that he drank of it and administered it without 
injury, the poison having miraculously issued from it in the 
form of a serpent. 

28) Philip. — The cross of the Latin type, fastened to the 
top of a long staff or reed, represents this apostle. Philip is 
supposed to have been crucified with his head downwards or to 
have been bound to a cross and stoned to death. Another em- 
blem, shown on this stone, is a basket with loaves, reminding us 


fe Ee Rouse 


of the miracle of the feeding of the five thousand and of Philip’s 
remark to our Lord. John 6, 7. 

29) Bartholomew.—A knife is his symbol, since he was 
flayed alive at Albanopolis, in Armenia. 

30) Thomas. — His attribute is a builder’s square, through 
a quaint legend connected with King Gondoforus of the Indies. 
He is the patron of architects and builders. When he bears 
a lance or javelin, it is the instrument of his martyrdom. He 
is said to have been martyred in India by being transfixed with 
numerous darts and a lance finally being run through his body. 


31) Matthew. — St. Matthew was a Jewish tax-collector for 
the Romans, a thoroughly despised calling. But after his con- 
version he went forth into Egypt and Ethiopia to preach the 
Gospel. To satisfy his fellow-converts in Palestine, he wrote 
his gospel. One of his attributes is a purse, or money-bag. He 
died a martyr’s death in Ethiopia. From the mode of his death 
the emblem on this stone is derived. 


32) James the Less.— The emblem of this apostle is a 
fuller’s club or bat, the instrument of his martyrdom. He was 
martyred in Jerusalem by being thrown from the top of the 
Temple. Not being killed by the fall, he was afterwards slain 
with a fuller’s bat as he arose to pray. 


33) Jude (Thaddeus). — His attribute is a halberd or a big 
knotted club, the instrument of his death. The usual symbol of 
this apostle of disputed names is a sail-boat on a shield, the 
reference being to his journeys in company with St. Simon. 


34) Simon. — Simon the Zealot preached the Gospel with 
Christ’s kinsman, Thaddeus, in Syria and Mesopotamia. They 
were both put to death in Persia, Simon being sawed asunder. 
His emblem is a large saw. Another emblem, shown on our 
stone, is a fish and book, referring to his calling as a fisherman 
and preacher of the Gospel. 


35) Matthias. — A battle-ax is the emblem of St. Matthias. 
With this instrument he met death at the hands of the Jews, 
either in Ethiopia or in Judea. 


36) Matthew as Evangelist. —The symbols of the four 
evangelists did not come into general use until the sixth cen- 
tury, and although the relation between the emblem and the 
evangelist to whom it referred has suffered at times certain 
modifications, it became standardized early in the thirteenth 
century. St. Matthew was represented by a winged cherub, or 


angel, the nearest celestial approach to the form of man, be- 
cause, as St. Jerome explains, the first evangelist speaks more 
of the human than of the divine nature of our Savior. 


37) Mark.— The lion symbolizes St. Mark for three rea- 
sons, according to Jerome, namely: 1) He commences his epistle 
with the mission of St.John the Baptist, “The voice of one 
erying in the wilderness.” 2) The king of beasts is a type of 
the royal dignity of Christ, which Mark makes so apparent. 
3) The lion is used as a symbol of the resurrection, of which 
St. Mark has been called the historian. “According to an 
Oriental tradition,” says Jerome, “the young lions are born 
dead and after three days are made alive by the breath or the 
roar of a male lion.” 

38) Luke. — The ox was given to St. Luke because he espe- 
cially sets forth the priesthood of Christ, and the ox is sym- 
bolical of sacrifice. 

39) John as Evangelist. — The eagle was given to St. John 
as an emblem of the lofty, soaring spiritual note of that part 
of Scripture written by this beloved apostle of Jesus Christ. 


C. WEST DORMITORY GROUP. 


40) Shield over entrance to Tyndale Archway. — A dragon 
being transfixed by a quill. Emblematic of superstition and 
ignorance being slain by the literary activity of the Reforma- 
tion. The Committee, in choosing this design, had in mind 
particularly the translation of the Bible into English by Wil- 
liam Tyndale. 

41) Shield over entrance to Tyndale Archway. — Phoenix 
rising from the ashes. See also glass medallion No.7. There 
is an intimation in this emblem of the invincible power of the 
Bible, so evident in its dissemination throughout the world 
since Tyndale’s body was reduced to ashes. Both these stones 
are partly revealed by cusping. 

42) On the east elevation of the Craemer Tower, under the 
coping, the gargoyle is incorporated with a stone bearing a 
shield upheld by allegorical figures; upon it, carved, a star; 
with rays of morning sun underneath, and the date 1384. ‘The 
emblem (facing east) is a reference to John Wyclif, the Morn- 
ing Star of the Reformation. Wyclif was born 1324 and died 
1384. He protested against the abuses prevalent in the Church 


ATRIA IK 1, ores 


and translated the Bible into English. His bones were exhumed 
and burned. 

43) John Huss (on south elevation of Craemer Tower). 
A faithful witness of the corruption of the Church and a fore- 
runner of Martin Luther. Called to account before the Council 
of Constance, 1415, he was burned alive at the stake because he 
refused to recant the evangelical doctrine. One of his last 
words has been recorded thus: “To-day you are burning a 
goose,” — the word Huss signifies goose, — “but in a hundred - 
years a swan will come, whom you will be unable to burn.” 
The stone is emblematic of Huss’s prophecy, fulfilled in Martin 
Luther. 

44) Savonarola, also on Craemer Tower. The prophet of 
righteousness who protested against the degeneration of the 
Church in his day and led many to give up the vanities of 
this life. He was burned by the priesthood, May 23, 1498, in 
Florence. The stone shows a skull, beneath it a jewel, and, 
rising from it, a slender flower, signifying the persistence of 
truth in ages of corruption. 

45) Shield below oriel window over Gustavus Adolphus 
Memorial Archway (Augustus L. Graebner Dormitory). — The 
shield displays a lamb with banner and the text John 1,29. The 
design is reproduced from the family seal brought from Ger- 
many by Rev. J. H. Ph. Graebner, the Michigan pioneer and 
father of Dr. Graebner. 

46) Head of lion at end of weather-molding over Arch of 
doorway on south elevation of Rudolph Lange Dormitory. — 
For the symbolism see glass medallion No. 5. 


D, DINING-HALLS. 

Through the stones placed over the entrance 
doors (47 and 53), the north dining-hall is des- 
ignated as Wartburg Hall, the south dining-hall 
as Koburg Hall. On the vestibule of the south 
hall a medal struck at the first centennial of the 
Augsburg Confession is carved on a shield 
(No. 54, under the coping, and above ‘‘Koburg 


81 —— 





Hall” inseription). On the corresponding place 
of the Wartburg Hall entrance, under the cop- 
ing, 1s a carved representation of the Luther 
Oak (No. 48). In a general way the south din- 
ing-hall is dedicated to the past and to foreign 
lands, the north dining-hall to the United States 
and to the present. This applies to the stone 
carving as well as to the painted medallions in 
our windows. Note how this is worked out with 
reference to the four ships: Inside the Koburg 
Hall, above the windows at the east end, there 
is a carving (No. 57) of the ship ‘‘Olbers,’’ on 
which the forefathers left Bremen. In the cor- 
responding place of Wartburg Hall is the Mis- 
Sissippl steamer on which they arrived at their 
destination (No. 51). Outside, high on the north 
chimney, is a carving (No. 49) of the ship in 
which the first Lutherans came to America. On 
the south chimney is a carving of the ship which 
brought the first Norwegian emigrants (No. 56). 
On the outside of the east gable, south hall, is 
a stone (No. 58) bearing emblems of Luther’s 
posting of the Ninety-five Theses. The corre- 
sponding stone (No. 52) of the north hall shows 
a design emblematic of the corner-stone laying 
of the Seminary in 1924. Inside the south 
vestibule is an emblem of the ancient church 
(No. 55), inside the entrance of the north hall, 
6 


een «A eee 


an emblem of the modern victories of the Gospel 
(No. 50). Finally, tying up all these symbols 
there is the large stone on the west front of the 
Service Building commemorating the founding 
of the Missouri Synod. 


47) “Wartburg Hall’ (over entrance to north dining-hall). 
This stone shows the familiar square towers of the Wartburg, 
where Luther remained for some months after the Diet of 
Worms, 1521, under the protection of the Elector of Saxony. 
While in the seclusion of the Wartburg (near Erfurt) Luther 
began the translation of the New Testament into German. The 
room in which he began this translation is shown in the fore- 
ground. 


48) Entrance to Wartburg Hall, under coping. — Luther 
Oak. The tree which may be seen to-day at Wittenberg, on the 
exact spot (Elster Gate) at which Martin Luther burned the 
book of laws by which the Roman Church was then governed, 
as well as the bull (curse) directed against Luther by the Pope. 
The carving has been done after a recent photograph of the 
Luther Oak. 


49) Galleon (on exterior of Wartburg Hall chimney). — 
The sailing-vessel carved on this stone represents the little 
galleon on which, in the year 1619, the first Lutherans came to 
the shores of the New World. 


They were 66 in number and were commanded by Captain 
Munck. All were staunch Danish Lutherans, accompanied by a 
faithful pastor, Rasmus Jensen. They entered the broad expanse of 
Hudson Bay in search of that “will-o’-the-wisp” of those days, the 
Northwest Passage, a supposed waterway leading to China. Skirt- 
ing the shores of the bay, the sturdy little band came to the mouth 
of the Churchill River. Owing to the lateness of the season, they 
were compelled to spend the winter on land. Constructing a few 
rude huts, which were to afford them temporary shelter, they hoped 
for better days, when an open bay would again permit them to begin 
their return voyage. 

But, alas! While about on the same latitude with their mother 
country, yet here they had no friendly ocean current to temper an 
arctic winter. Bleak shores, a barren, rock-bound coast, no human 
habitation anywhere near, supplies running low, disease creeping in 
and taking a frightful toll of lives,—thus abandoned by a cruel 
fate,-— make your own picture, dear reader. What hardships and 


miseries our fellow-Lutherans suffered here cannot be told in words. 
Their fate is known, however: All perished in the frozen North 
save the captain and a few of his men. After having read the 
burial-service over the graves of most of his flock, the faithful pastor 
also succumbed, and his remains were interred beside those of his 
companions. With the advent of summer the brave captain and 
what remained of his crew set sail and managed to get back to 
Copenhagen. Here Munck published his “dag bog” in 1624. 

50) Interior of Wartburg Hall, over exit.— This design 
corresponds to the carving over exit from the south dining-hall. 
It represents an eagle in full flight carrying the Gospel from 
hemisphere to hemisphere. As stone No. 59 represents the 
founding of the Synod, with an eagle raising his wings, this 
shows them extended full length during the bird’s flight. It 
represents the Lutheran Church in full activities in accordance 
with the Lord’s injunction, Matt. 28,19: “Go ye therefore and 
teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and 
of the Son and of the Holy Ghost.” 


51) Inside of east bay of Wartburg Hall. — Carving of a 
Mississippi steamer. On this steamer, the Selma, our fore- 


fathers, the Saxon emigrants, came to St. Louis, Febru- 
ary 19, 1839. 


52) On gable of east end, Wartburg Hall. — Commemorat- 
ing the corner-stone laying of the new Concordia Seminary, 
October 26, 1924. During Dr. Pieper’s Latin address an air- 
plane flew overhead. Never has the historical continuity of our 
faith been more fitly symbolized than by this incident — the 
accents of the language of the ancient Church uniting with the 
roar of man’s latest invention overhead, both sounds reaching 
(through the microphone) an audience a thousand miles away. 
This emblem, like most of those carved in stone, was designed 
by the Committee. 


53) “Koburg Hall’ (over entrance to south dining-hall). — 
At the Castle of Koburg Luther remained while the Protestant 
rulers and theologians of Germany were gathered at Augsburg, 
near by, in order to submit their statement of doctrine to the 
Emperor as proof that they were not departing from the Scrip- 
tural doctrine, but were returning to the apostolic faith as a 
protest against Roman error. The confession then submitted is 
called the Augsburg Confession. It was adopted in 1530. It is 
essentially the result of Dr. Martin Luther’s testimony; and 
when he heard of its adoption, he rejoiced greatly and wrote 
from his room at the Koburg to the Chancellor of Saxony: 


—— 84 ——. 


“T have lately, on looking out of the window, seen two wonders: 
the first, the glorious vault of heaven, with the stars supported 
by no pillar and yet firmly fixed; the second, great, thick clouds 
hanging over us and yet no ground upon which they rested or 
vessel in which they were contained; and then, after they had 
greeted us with a gloomy countenance and passed away, came 
the luminous rainbow, which like a frail, thin roof nevertheless 
bore the great weight of water.” 


54) On entrance to Koburg Hall, under coping. — Repro- 
duction of a medal struck in 1630 at the first centennial of the 
Augsburg Confession. It shows a palm-tree growing from a 
rock and in the original contains the coat of arms of the House 
of Wurttemberg. The inscription it bears is: “Truth can be 
crushed to earth, but will rise again.” The medal is a rare one 
and is shown in Juncker, Hhrengedaechtnis (1706), page 448. 


55) Interior of Koburg Hall, over exit.— The banner of 
Constantine, first Christian emperor of the Roman world, who, 
in fighting a heathen claimant to the throne (A. D. 312), was 
encouraged by a vision consisting of a cross surrounded by the 
words: “In this sign thou shalt conquer.” ‘The Latin original 
is carved on the banner. 


56) Restoration (on exterior of Koburg Hall chimney). — 
The ship pictured on this stone is the famous sloop Restaura- 
tionen, the Mayflower of the Norsemen. 


The New York Daily Advertiser for October 12, 1825, contained 
an article under the caption ‘‘A Novel Sight,” which said in part: 
“A vessel has arrived in this port with emigrants from Norway. 
The vessel is very small, measuring, we understand, only about 
forty-five tons, and brought 53 passengers, male and female, all 
bound for Orleans County, where an agent who came over some time 
since purchased a tract of land. The appearance of such a party of 
strangers, coming from so distant a country and in a vessel of a size 
apparently ill calculated for a voyage across the Atlantic, could not 
but excite an unusual degree of interest. An enterprise like this 
argues a good deal of boldness in the master of the vessel, as well as 
an adventurous spirit in the passengers, most of whom belong to 
families from the vicinity of a little town at the southwestern ex- 
tremity of Norway, near the city of Stavanger. Those who came 
from the farms are dressed in coarse cloth of domestic manufacture 
of a fashion different from the Americans, but those who inhabited 
the town wear calicoes, ginghams, and gay shawls, imported, we 
presume, from England. The vessel is built on the model common to 
fishing-boats on that coast, with a single topsail, sloop-rigged. She 
arrived with the addition of one passenger born on the way. 


Plate 39 











eiserigees om board of Hh 










Peake by 








First Page of Original Passenger List of Ship ‘Olbers.”’ 


Now at New Orleans. Photographed for Mr. Fred W. Gast, 
of Washington, D. C, 


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— 8 





The coming of these 53 passengers resulted in the founding 
of the first Norse colony in America, and therefore this date 
may be properly fixed as the beginning of this exodus of people 
from Norway to the New World. 


57) On east bay of Koburg Hall, interior. — The ship 
Olbers, a three-masted schooner, on which the last of our Saxon 
pioneers left the harbor of Bremen, in November, 1838, arriving 
at New Orleans January 20, 1839. The carving is made after 
an ancient painting of the vessel. On this ship were persons 
who later had a distinguished career in the Missouri Synod. 
Part of the ship’s register is shown in the first part of this book. 


58) East gable, Koburg Hall. — Hammer, Pen, and Scroll, 
commemorating the posting of the Ninety-five Theses by Martin 
Luther on the church-door at Wittenberg. This ushered in the 
Protestant Reformation, since here for the first time an appeal 
was made to Bible and conscience against the abuses that were 
destroying Christianity. 


59) Large cartouche on west elevation of Service Building. 
The carving is emblematic of the founding of the Missouri 
Synod. It shows an eagle just lifting his wings for flight. 
Over it twelve stars, representative of the twelve pastors and 
congregations who founded the Missouri Synod at Chicago, 
April 26, 1847. At this meeting the constitution was adopted 
under which the Missouri Synod is now doing its work. 


II. Stained Glass. 


The term Stained Glass is an unsatisfactory 
one since it can be taken in several different 
meanings. In one sense it signifies the colored 
glass used in the production of windows contain- 
ing figures and ornamental work. It is some- 
times limited to glass which has been treated 
with yellow stain prepared from silver. Again, 
there is ornamental glass which has been painted 
and then fired in such a manner that the pig- 
ments have become part of the glass. 

In the decorative glass of the Seminary both 
stained glass and painted glass have been used; 
both kinds are enclosed in leaded designs — 
a circle, a shield, or a lozenge. There is stained 
glass in the Postgraduate Lecture-room and in 
the windows of the Lecture-hall Stairway, also 
in certain Library windows. It is recognized by 
the fact that the glass has in itself certain colors, 
mixed with it in the manufacture. The outlines 
of the designs are formed by lead. The glass of 
different colors has been cut into patterns to fit 
the designs made by these leads. While fine in 
effect, this stained glass does not at all com- 
pare in appearance nor in cost with the painted 
glass medallions used in the Administration 


rooms, Library, and dining-halls. These medal- 
[86] 


SENT tearhy UeeU es 


lions consist of painted glass, that is to say, of 
clear glass upon which the various emblems 
have been painted, enameled, or etched, and 
have then been fired so that the color has be- 
come fused with the glass. 


The pigment with which the painting is done is a fusible 
glass in a finely powdered condition, mixed with metallic oxides, 
which supply the coloring matter or, rather, the opaque element. 
Its melting-point must necessarily be just a little lower than 
that of the glass on which it is used. Within recent years 
chemical analysis of samples of painted glass whose pigment has 
stood the test of hundreds of years’ exposure to the atmosphere 
has enabled manufacturers to produce color which can be relied 
upon as permanent; so there is no longer any reason for pain- 
ters to waste time and risk failure by experimenting. All these 
colors are finely ground, work well under the brush, and require 
a high temperature to fire them. 


In some of our medallions other processes 
were used. The D’Ascenzo Studios of Philadel- 
phia, which prepared all our stained glass, write 
us: ‘‘Owing to the great variety of subjects and 
the realistic presentation of some of them by 
your designer, it was necessary that we use 
every process known to the modern artist in 
stained glass. You will, therefore, find, upon 
analysis of our work, that we used not only 
silver stain, but enamels as well, and also re- 
sorted to etching some of the richer colors, such 
as blues and reds.’’ In enameling, the color 
does not become part of the glass, but lies on 
the surface in an opaque film, giving an effect 


very similar to what might be produced by col- 
ored paper. The silver stain which has been 
mentioned above stands out as a curious excep- 
tion from other glass colors. It is really a stain, 
the silver of which it is composed penetrating 
the surface of the glass and producing a per- 
fectly transparent color, with no opaque layer 
upon the surface. 


Stained Glass in Postgraduate Lecture-Room. 


The medallions in these four windows are 
executed in stained glass. In view of the con- 
fusion which prevails regarding this term, 
a slight repetition will be forgiven: Most of the 
glass in our buildings is painted glass. The 
artist paints his designs upon glass, which is 
then fired, being heated to such a degree that 
the color fuses with the surface of the glass and 
thus becomes permanent. Stained glass, on the 
other hand, is glass with which the colors have 
been mixed in the manufacture, so that they 
penetrate the glass. When a design is made for 
stained glass, the artist must prepare his leads 
according to the design submitted and then cut 
out of colored glass the exact forms to fit de- 
signs. 

The stained glass in this room is to remind 
the students of the ministerial office, the em- 


eee AD ee 


blems being in some way related to their future 


work. 


1) Bishop’s Crook. — This denotes the minister as a pastor, 
or shepherd of Christ’s flock. It is here given the shape of the 
flowering staff of Aaron, as an indication of the eternal nature 
of the priestly office, once held by the sons of Aaron, then by 
Jesus Christ as the world’s High Priest, after the order of 
Melchizedek, the Author of salvation, whose Gospel is now 
committed to the ministry. See also Medallion 13. 

2) Keys. — The Office of the keys is defined in the Lutheran 
Confessions as “the peculiar church power which Christ has 
given to. His Church on earth to forgive the sins of penitent 
sinners unto them, but to retain the sins of the impenitent as 
long as they do not repent.” 

3) Scroll of Prophecy. —Indicating the Gospel-message 
which the ministry has received from prophets and apostles in 
order to build the kingdom of God. The ancient scrolls were 
long bands of parchment rolled upon two handles by which they 
could be held up for reading. The above sketch was made from 
ancient Jewish scrolls, which illustrate an article by Morris 
Jastrow, “The Bible and the Assyrian Monuments.” 

4) Tables of the Law. — Represents the two stone tablets 
on which God wrote the Ten Commandments. 


Stained Glass in Stair-Windows of Lecture 
Halls, North Front. 


The stained glass in these windows repre- 
sents symbols which the Bible and ancient tra- 
dition connect with the person and work of 


Jesus Christ. 

5) Lion of Judah. — This symbol is derived from the 
prophecy of Jacob, Gen. 49, 9: “Judah is the lion’s whelp.” 
In accordance with this prophecy, John calls our Lord “the 
Lion of the tribe of Judah.” Rev. 5, 5. 

6) The Brazen Serpent. — This symbol was adopted by our 
Lord Himself when He said, John 3, 14 f.: “And as Moses lifted 
up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man 


PRON H IN 1 Rae weed 


be lifted up, that whosoever believeth in Him should not perish, 
but have eternal life.” The reference is to Num. 21,9, when 
Moses erected a serpent made of brass, upon which the Israelites 
might gaze and be healed of the bites of poisonous serpents sent 
among them as punishment for their sins. 


7) Bird Phoenix. — This is a heathen symbol, adopted by 
the Christians as an emblem of the resurrection of Christ. 
According to a Greek fable a certain bird would burn himself 
alive every five hundred years and would rise again young and 
strong from the ashes. The reason is plain why Christianity 
adopted this strange legend of the Phoenix as a symbol of 
Christ rising from the grave. 


8) Lamb and Banner. — The representation of Christ under 
the figure of a lamb is one of the oldest in Christian art. Christ 
is called the Lamb of God, John 1, 29, as the great Sacrifice for 
the sins of the world. Often, as in this medallion, the lamb is 
shown bearing a banner of victory. 


Painted Glass in President’s Room. 


The emblems in these windows are to remind 
the honored occupants of the trials as well as of 
the blessings which are incurred with the task 
of preparing students for the Holy Office. Of 
the eleven emblems the six on the west windows 
(front) refer to the inner life, those on the 
south windows to the outward manifestations of 
theological teaching. The Bible is repeated in 
both sets of symbols, as indicating that for the 
personal life of the teacher as also for the out- 
ward growth of the minister the Bible is the 
one prime essential. 


9) Sacred Monogram. — See No. 41. 


10) Chalice. — Indicating the communion of the Christian 
heart with God through the grace of the Holy Sacrament. The 


Pierlow Photo Plate 40 





East Window in President’s Room. 
Showing proportion, in size, of medallions and windows and their location. 
Note typical shapes — shield, lozenge, and circle. 
(For description see painted glass medallions 10—14.) 


ey 


! 


‘ 
s ae” i 





” 


Plate 41 





Stained Glass in Academic Group. 


2, Keys. 7. Phoenix. 57. Ship. 50. Fish. 5. Lion of Judah, 
1. Shepherd’s Crook, 


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beautiful cup shown in this medallion dates from the second 
half of the fifteenth century and is shown in Archiv fuer kirch- 
liche Baukunst, 1877. 


11) Crown of Thorns. — As our Lord passed through suf- 
fering to glory, so the laborers in His vineyard cannot attain to 
eternal life without sorrows and tribulation. The design is 
built upon an iron grill worked into a chair of the church at 
Great Warley, Essex, England. 


12) Open Bible. — The great symbol of the Lutheran Refor- 
mation. Above it is the triangle as symbol of the Trinity, 
inscribed with the Hebrew letters which read JEHOVAH. 


18) Rod of Aaron. — When the Lord was about to approve 
of Aaron as high priest over his people, he called upon Moses to 
lay into the Tabernacle a rod for each of the chiefs of Israel. 
The next morning the rod of Aaron had budded and brought 
forth buds and bloomed blossoms and yielded almonds. Num. 
17,8. Thus Aaron was established in his priesthood. The 
budded rod was preserved in the Ark of the Covenant. It is the 
symbol of the everlasting priesthood by which Jesus has made 
the atonement for the sins of mankind. The design is exact, 
showing the true color of the leaves, blossoms, and fruit of the 
almond-tree. 

14) Censer.— Censers were used in the Temple for the 
burning of incense. The rising smoke of the incense was the 
symbol of the prayer of the faithful ascending to God. In 
medieval times the censer took the form as here shown. The 
magnificent censer here depicted is based upon a censer in the 
Markisches Museum, Berlin. (Archiv fuer kirchliche Bau- 
khunst, 1877.) 

15) Western Hemisphere. — See note under No. 17. 

16) The Bible.— See note under No. 17. 

17) Dove.— Emblem of the Holy Spirit. This medallion 
dominates the five in this group of windows. The meaning of 
this set of medallions may be stated as follows: All the work 
of this Seminary must fail unless the Holy Spirit Himself 
(No. 17) through the Word of God (No. 16), again brought to 
light by Luther (No.18), preserves unto us those blessings 
which from Concordia Seminary have spread to both hemi- 
spheres (Nos. 15, 19). 

18) Luther Emblem. — See note under No. 68. 


19) Hastern Hemisphere. — See note under No. 17. 


CARVIN > pa EE SLS 


Painted Glass in Faculty Room. 
College Seals. 


20) Seal of Concordia Teachers’ College, River Forest, Ill. 
The oldest Normal School of the Missouri Synod, formerly 
located at Addison, Ill. The reference is to John 8, 31. 32: 
“Then said Jesus to those Jews which believed on Him, If ye 
continue in My Word, then are ye My disciples indeed; and 
ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.” 


21) Seal of Concordia College, Fort Wayne, Ind. (the oldest 
preparatory school of Concordia Seminary). — It was once com- 
bined with the Seminary at St. Louis. This accounts for the 
fact that the inscription in both is the same: “Light from 
above.” 


22) Seal of Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, Mo. — See 
No. 21. 


23) Seal of Concordia College, Milwaukee, Wis. (a pre- 
paratory school of Concordia Seminary). — The torch of knowl- 
edge over which the Holy Spirit sheds His rays. This emblem 
is an invention of the Committee. 


24) Seal of Concordia Teachers’ Seminary, Seward, Nebr. 
(a normal school of the Missouri Synod).— The seal shows a 
book with an ancient lamp, of which the handle terminates in 
a modified form of the sacred monogram. See No. 41. 


25) Seal of Concordia Theological Seminary, Zehlendorf, 
near Berlin, Germany (a ministerial training-school of the 
European Lutheran Free Church, affiliated with the Missouri 
Synod. This institution was established through the liberality 
of a few laymen of our Synod). — The seal displays a sturdy oak. 


26) Seal of Concordia College, St. Paul, Minn. (a prepar- 
atory school of Concordia Seminary). — It shows two quill pens 
crossed, symbolical of study, with a lamp above, and the Minne- 
sota State flower, the lady-slipper, below. 

27) Seal of Concordia College, Springfield, Ill. (a min- 
isterial school of the Missouri Synod). — This seal, showing the 
open Bible with book, oak-leaves, and laurel, inscribed “Word 
of God,” is a creation of the Committee. 

28) Seal of St. Paul’s College, Concordia, Mo. (a prepar- 
atory school of Concordia Seminary). — The book signifies 
knowledge, and the inscription reads: “With the Help of God,” 





Plate 42 





College Seals in Faculty Room. (Painted Glass.) 


16. St. Louis. 19. Berlin. 32. Portland. 27. Winfield. 
24, Conover. 18. Seward. 


) A 
eee | 


vs, ¢ re ak 4 ‘oe 
7 + > ‘ a i ae 
& oe 7 = Tr? 
oo a J ue vA , P 
; v @ ao 





. 
; 





—— 938 





29) Seal of Immanuel Lutheran College, Greensboro, N.C. 
(an institution for the training of colored Lutherans for service 
in the Chureh).— The inscription: “For Christ, Church, and 
Country.” 

30) Seal of Concordia College, Conover, N.C. (a prepar- 
atory school of Concordia Seminary. This school also provides 
a general course and is coeducational).— The inscription sig- 
nifies: “Pray and Work.” 

31) Seal of Concordia College, Bronaville, N. Y. (a prepar- 
atory school of the Missouri Synod). — The seal displays a globe 
inscribed JEHOVAH, surmounted by a cross and floating over 
a dove. The seroll is inscribed, “Without the Lord All Is 
in Vain.” 

32) Seal of Theological Seminary, Wauwatosa, Wis. — The 
theological seminary of the Wisconsin Synod displays the 
Luther emblem. See explanation under No. 68. 

33) Seal of St. John’s College, Winfield Kans. (a prepar- 
atory college of Concordia Seminary).— The inscription sig- 
nifies: “The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom.” 


34) Seal of Concordia College, Edmonton, Can. (a prepar- 
atory school of Concordia Seminary).— The seal shows the 
Canadian maple-leaf and a Bible inscribed with the Alpha and 
Omega, and with a cross imposed. 

35) Seal of Concordia College, Porto Alegre, Brazil. — 
The theological seminary and classical school of the South 
American congregations of the Missouri Synod. 


36) Seal of California Concordia College, Oakland, Cal. 
(a preparatory school of Concordia Seminary, founded in 1906). 
It displays the Alpha and Omega on an open book. For Alpha 
and Omega see stone schedule No. 12. 

37) Seal of Concordia College, Adelaide, Australia (the 
divinity school and college of the Australian Synod, affiliated 
with our own). — The symbols are a rising Sun, Book, Cross, 
Lamp, and inscription: “Steadfast in Matters of Principle, 
Temperate in Method.” 

38) Seal of Concordia College, Portland, Oreg. (a prepar- 
atory school of Concordia Seminary). — It displays the Luther 
emblem (see No. 68) with the American eagle and the date of 
its founding, 1905. 

39) Concordia College, Austin Tex. (a preparatory school 
of Concordia Seminary). — The Bible and torch with the star 


SM SATO i ees 


emblematic of the Lone Star State are a combination suggested 
by the Committee, since this college had only in 1923 been 
voted by Synod and at present (1926) is not yet built. 

40a) Anchor. — As the anchor holds the ship during the 
storm lest it be dashed against the rocks, even so the Christian’s 
faith gives steadiness to his ship of life lest it be dashed upon 
the reefs of doubt and despair. 

40b) Crown. — The symbol of the Christian’s daily victory 
over the world, the flesh, and the devil and of his final victory 
over his enemies when he enters eternal life. The symbol is 
based upon such texts as 2 Tim. 4,8: “Henceforth there is laid 
up for me a crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the right- 
eous Judge, shall give me at that day; and not to me only, but 
unto all them also that love His appearing.” 

41) Sacred Monogram. — It is also called the Chi Rho and 
is the oldest Christian symbol. It unites the two Greek let- 
ters X (pronounce Ch) and R, the two together being the first 
letters of the word “Christos,” the Greek word for Christ. It 
has been found on many of the most ancient Christian monu- 
ments. The present design is an exact reproduction of the 
monogram found on a Christian stone coffin now in the Lateran 
Museum in Rome, pictured by Rossi in his Roman Catacombs, 
page 320. 


Pritzlaff Library. 


The glass medallions in the twenty-six win- 
dows of the main Reading-room combine great 
beauty of execution with emblems full of mean- 
ing to the Lutheran student. Interspersed with 
symbols of the ancient Christian Chureh there 
are reproductions of medieval letters, one in 
each medallion, which, beginning with the 
square bays on the north side of the room and 
continuing from left to right on nine windows 
of the front bay windows, spell out the words 
L.E.G.E. V.E.R.B.U.M. D.E.I., a sentence sig- 


ee i iat 


nifying a constant admonition to all who use 
this library: ‘‘Read the Word of God!”’ 


42) The Ship. (Stained glass.) — On many of the ancient 
Christian monuments the church is pictured as a ship, with 
Christ standing at the mast as pilot to direct its course over 
the troubled sea of life to a blissful eternity. 

43) Letter L.— Leaf-work and dragon. The original of 
this painting is found in Luther’s first German Bible, printed 
in the year 1534. 

44) Letter E.— The decorations are of remarkable beauty. 
This initial appears in Luther’s first complete German Bible, 
published in 1534. 

45) The Chalice. (Stained glass.) — Symbol of the holy 
Sacrament of the Altar. 

46) The Dove. (Stained glass.) — From the most ancient 
Christian times, symbol of the Holy Ghost. It is derived from 
the story of Christ’s baptism, when the Holy Ghost descended 
upon the Savior in the form of a dove. 

47) Letter G. — Initial, entirely composed of Gothic scrolls 
and leaf-work. From the third part of Luther’s Old Testament, 
printed in 1524. 

48) Letter H.-— Gothic leaf-work forms the letter, which is 
surrounded by angels. Exact reproduction of an initial letter 
contained in Luther’s translation of the Old Testament, 1524. 

49) The Fish. (Stained glass.) — One of the oldest of all 
Christian symbols. It has a very peculiar origin. The Greek 
word for fish is I.CH.TH.Y.S. The early Christians found that 
the letters in this word are the initial letters of the sentence 
Jesus Christ, Son of God, Savior. In the days of persecution, 
when it was death to be known as a Christian, the believers 
would carve a fish upon the tombstones of their dead and by this 
means make known to the believers that one of their number 
was buried here. Like the other leaded designs in this room, 
this beautiful drawing is the product of our artist. 

50) The Anchor. (Stained glass.) — See remarks on 
No. 40 a. 

51) Letter V.— Antique Gothic initial, showing grotesque 
head with leaf-work. Used in Luther’s Bible in the year 1534. 

52) Letter EH. — Illuminated medieval letter used in 
Luther’s Bible of the year 1531. (Werckshagen, Der Protestan- 
tismus, Vol. I, p. 82.) 


Rane «<a 


53) The Crown. (Stained glass.) — See remarks on 
No. 40 b. 

54) The Crua Ansala. (Stained glass.) — See remarks on 
No. 62. 

55) Letter R.— Fish and Gothic leaf-work. This initial 
is taken from Luther’s Bible of the year 1534. — 

56) Letter B. Lamb and Banner. — Medieval initial, re- 
printed in Archiv fuer kirchliche Baukunst, 1877. 

57) The Sacred Monogram. (Stained glass.) — See No. 41. 

58) The Anchor. (Stained glass.) — See No. 40 a. 


59) Letter U. St. Cecilia and the organ. — Ancient Gothic 
initial. Archiv fuer kirchliche Baukunst, 1877. — 


60) Letter M.— Illuminated medieval letter pictured in 
Archiv fuer kirchliche Baukunst, 1881, plate 7.* 


61) Crown. (Stained glass.) — See No. 40 b. 


62) The Crux Ansata, or looped cross. (Stained glass.) — 
This form of the cross was used by the early Egyptian Chris- 
tians, uniting the Egyptian symbol of life with the Chris- 
tian cross. 


63) Letter D.— Taken from a si da in Luther’s Bible 
of 1534. 


64) Letter HE. — This letter is taken from a splendid manu- 
seript of the Bible written by a monk who lived about A. D. 1437. 
It is an illuminated (colored) initial from the Book of Job, the 
upper half showing Job tormented by the devil and by his wife, 
the lower field showing the Old Testament saint giving thanks 
for his deliverance. Original in W. Walther, Die Deutsche 
Bibeluebersetzung des Mittelalters, p. 311. 


65) Letter I.— This letter is an exact reproduction of an 
initial found in the text of Luther’s printed Bible of the 
year 1534. 

66) Chalice. (Stained glass.) — See No. 45. 

67) Dove. (Stained glass.) — See No. 46. 


(For description of memorial name panels see Nos. 164—179 below.) 


* The use of this magazine was made possible by Architect 
John J. Zink, of Baltimore, Md., who very kindly lent his copies to 
the Committee. 





The Dining-Halls. 
KOBURG HALL. 

The south wing of the Service Building 
group is one of the two dining-halls, called 
Koburg Hall. (See Stone Emblems, No. 53.) 
All the ornamental stone and glass in this hall 
is related to the history of Christianity and 
Lutheranism outside of the United States; par- 
ticularly, the painted glass medallions are re- 
lated to the great confession of the Lutheran 
Church, the Augsburg Confession, adopted at 
Augsburg, Germany, while Luther was being 
protected at the castle Koburg by his friends. 
In this strong castle he was secure against his 
enemies and was close enough to the princes and 
theologians who were submitting their confes- 
sion to the Emperor and the Princes of Ger- 
many. This was in 1530. The Augsburg Con- 
fession consists of brief articles, in which for 
the first time the ancient Apostolic Doctrine 
was publicly confessed by the Church against 
the errors of Romanism. It is the oldest con- 
fession of the Protestant Church. All others 
have borrowed from it, particularly the Church 
of England. 

In subscribing to the Augsburg Confession, 


the leaders of the Reformation risked their lives 
7 


and their property. It was only through the 
providential interference with world affairs 
that the Roman Catholic Emperor and his 
princes were kept busy in military campaigns 
so that they were not able to obey the command 
of the Pope and crush out Lutheranism. But 
the original signers of the confession could not 
foresee these favorable leadings of Providence. 
Every one of them risked his life by confessing 
his faith. 

Accordingly, surrounding the Luther coat of 
arms there are displayed in this hall most prom- 
inently the coats of arms of the signers of the 
Augsburg Confession. These are flanked by the 
twenty-four cities of Germany which were the 
first to adopt the Lutheran faith. These cities 
have been regarded worthy of a memorial, since 
they too, magistrates as well as citizens, risked 
their very existence by accepting a faith which 
was under the curse of the Pope and which the 
Emperor had sworn to destroy. These emblems 
extend on the south side of the hall as far as the 
chimney and on the north side of the hall to the 
end of that row of windows, excepting the last 
two (Brazil and Argentina). 

The significance of the name given to this 
hall will now be understood. It is to remind 


PaO! Se asoe 


those who dine within its walls of the faithful 
witnesses of the past. It is also to remind them 
of the world-wide expansion which the faith of 
the Augsburg Confession has under the provi- 
dence of God experienced. For this reason the 
remaining emblems in this room are given over 
to the principal countries in which the Lutheran 
faith has found a home outside of the United 
States. They are Brazil, Argentina, Sweden, 
Norway, Denmark, Slovakia, the Canadian 
provinces, and Australia. 

The emblems to the left and right of the 
Luther Seal are the coats of arms of the signers 
of the Augsburg Confession: John, Duke of 
Saxony, Elector (No. 70); George, Margrave of 
Brandenburg (No. 76); Ernest, Duke of Luene- 
burg (No. 77); Philip, Landgrave of Hesse 
(No. 78); John Frederick, Duke of Saxony 
(No.72); Francis, Duke of Lueneburg (No.77); 
Wolfgang, Prince of Anhalt (No. 74); Senate 
and Magistracy of Nuremberg (No. 75); Senate 
of Reutlingen (No. 78). The originals of these 
medallions were prepared from a set of water- 
color drawings made by a German artist some 
fifty years ago and now in the possession of 
Rev. E. F. Engelbert, of Baltimore, who placed 
these designs at the Committee’s disposition. 

The remaining twenty-five medals of the 


— 100 — 


confessors’ group are the coats of arms of the 
first cities to accept the Reformation. The first 
inkling that such designs were in existence was 
received from a study of the historical medals 
in the archives of Concordia Seminary. A sub- 
committee was searching in this collection of 
coins for emblems that might be embodied in 
our group. A number of medals were found 
which have been translated into carved stone at 
several points in our group (see Nos.11 and 54). 
A precious find was a medal struck in 1830 in 
commemoration of the three-hundredth anniver- 
sary of the signing of the Augsburg Confession. 
On this coin are shown engraved twenty-five 
coats of arms, disposed in a cirele, each the size 
of a pea, yet cut with such perfect art that 
through the microscope each of the coats of 
arms, properly shaded to indicate coloring, was 
discernible. No names were given with these 
shields to indicate their meaning, but a search 
through Reformation histories finally resulted 
in the correct list of names. Meyer’s German 
‘*Hineyclopedia’’ was found to contain illustra- 
tions that confirmed in detail the engravings on 
the coin of 18380. The drawings were then en- 
larged by our artist and were colored in accor- 
dance with the information thus obtained. They 
are now a collection of painted glass of the 


—— 101 —— 


highest significance for Lutheran history and 
probably without a parallel in the world. 

A connecting link between these symbols 
of the original Lutheran confessors and the 
present-day limits of Lutheran expansion is the 
coat of arms of Gustavus Adolphus (No. 106), 
the heroic Swedish king who saved the cause of 
Protestantism at the time of the Thirty Years’ 


War. 


68) Martin Luther Emblem. — The seal of Dr. Martin 
Luther dominates this entire hall. From the great Reformer, 
supported by the princes and states shown on the colorful em- 
blems that flank this seal to the right and left, the blessings 
of the Gospel have gone out to the countries whose coats of 
arms are subjects of the remaining designs. The emblem 
adopted by Martin Luther has often been explained, but never 
better than by Luther himself, who wrote in 1538 to a friend: — 


“As you request to know if my arms are properly hit upon, 
I take pleasure in communicating to you my first ideas, which 
I desire to epitomize in my signet as a badge of my theology. The 
first is a black cross on a heart in natural color, to remind my- 
self that faith in the Crucified is our salvation. For if we 
believe from the heart, we become righteous. But although it is 
a black cross, which mortifies and causes pain, it still leaves to the 
heart its own color and does not destroy our nature, that is, it does 
not kill, but rather keeps the heart alive. For the righteous shall 
live by faith, but — by faith in the Crucified. But this heart shall 
be placed in a white rose to show that faith gives joy, comfort, and 
peace. Therefore the rose should be white and not red, because 
white is the color of the spirits and the angels. This rose should be 
set in an azure field, because this joy in the Spirit and faith is 
a beginning of the coming and heavenly joy; indeed, already con- 
tained in it and anticipated in hope, but not as yet revealed. And 
around this field a golden ring, because this heavenly happiness is 
eternal and everlasting, and as much more precious than all other 
joy and riches as gold is the foremost and most precious metal. 
Christ, our dear Lord, be with your spirit unto that life! Amen.” 


69) Coat of Arms of the City of Schmalkalden. — Here 
the representatives of the Reformation movement met in 1531 


— 102 — 


and formed a union for defense against the Roman Catholic 
Emperor Charles V, who was sworn to suppress Lutheranism. 
A result of another meeting (1537) is the statement of the 
errors of Romanism, which is now called the Smalcald Articles. 
These Articles are one of the official confessions of the Lutheran 
Church. The shield shows a castle with a red-and-white-barred 
lion on a blue field and a partridge on a hill. 


70) Coat of Arms of John the Constant, Elector of Saxony 


(born 1468, died 1532).— He was an ardent friend of Luther, 
a hearer of his sermons, a student of his teachings, and con- 
scientiously furthered the Gospel as expounded by him. After 
his accession to the electorate he was not intimidated by the 
dangers incident to the stand he assumed and even risked the 
loss of his dominions rather than be untrue to his convictions. 
His fidelity, firmness, and unflinching courage secured for him 
the surname of “The Constant.” One of the original Prot- 
estants of Speier, 1529, where he signed, with others, the famous 
protest, holding that “in affairs relating to the glory of God 
and the soul’s salvation each man must stand before God and 
give account of himself.” He was a leader of the Smalcald 
Union. Luther preached his funeral sermon. His coat of arms 
shows the same heraldic emblems as that of his son, but dif- 
ferently arranged. 


71) Coat of Arms of the City of Speier (Speyer; English, 
Spires). — The name is famous in church history because in this 
city the adherents of the Reformation recorded a protest (1529) 
against laws oppressing freedom of conscience. The name 
“Protestant” is derived from this protest. The coat of arms 
shows a conventionalized drawing of the Cathedral of Speier. 


72) Coat of Arms of John Frederick, Elector of Saxony. — 
He was the son of John the Constant; born 1508, died 1554. 
One of the original signers of the Augsburg Confession. He 
was one of the earliest among the princes of Germany to approve 
of Luther’s course, heard his confession at Worms, and was one 
of the original Protestants who met at Speier. He became head 
of the Smalcald Union and was a liberal supporter of the 
University of Wittenberg. He remained true to the faith even 
when made a prisoner and promised liberty on condition 
that he would forsake the Gospel. He was a prisoner for five 
years. The beautiful coat of arms shows the Saxon swords and 
other emblems characteristic of this ancient and noble house. 


— 103 — 


73) Coat of Arms of Philip, Landgrave of Hesse. — He was 
one of the foremost Protestant princes at the time of the 
Reformation and was one of the original signers of the Augs- 
burg Confession. He had become acquainted with Luther at 
the Diet of Worms and was the originator of the Smalcald 
Union, organized in order to strengthen the cause of Prot- 
estantism. His life was one of turmoil, and not all of the 
Landgrave’s actions and policies reflected credit upon his 
Church. Yet for his courageous stand against the Emperor, 
Protestantism will ever honor his memory. The beautiful coat 
of arms is recognized by its three stars and four lions. 


74) Coat of Arms of. Wolfgang of Anhalt. — He was one of 
the noblest of all the princes who rallied to Luther’s support. 
He became a friend of the Reformer even before the Diet of 
Worms, was one of the Protestants at Speier (1529), and one 
of the original signers of the Augsburg Confession. Rather 
than march in a procession at Augsburg in honor of the Mass 
and thereby deny his faith, he declared himself willing to give 
up his life. Through his connection with the Lutheran move- 
ment he lost his estates, which he left singing “A Mighty 
Fortress.” They were, however, returned to him. He died 
a staunch, upright, consistent believer, 1556. 


75) Coat of Arms of the City of Nuernberg (Nuremberg). 
This city was one of nine original signatories to the Augsburg 
Confession. It was one of the original “Protestant” cities (see 
No. 71) and the home of the great Lutheran artist Albrecht 
Duerer. The emblem shows one half of a two-headed eagle and 
red and white diagonal bars. 

76) Coat of Arms of George, Margrave of Brandenburg- 
Ansbach, the Confessor (born March 4, 1484). — He introduced 
the Reformation into his country in 1528. One of the original 
Protestants at Speier, 1529. When, at the Diet of Augsburg, 
the Emperor demanded that the Protestant rulers suppress the 
preaching of the Lutheran doctrine, Margrave George offered to 
have his head cut off rather than oppose the Word of God. He 
remained a strong supporter of the Reformation until his death 
in 1548. The coat of arms contains a red eagle. 

77) Ernest the Confessor, Duke of Brunswick and Luene- 
burg (born 1497, died 1546).— He attended the University of 
Wittenberg and introduced the Reformation in his country, 
1527. He signed the Augsburg Confession at the risk of losing 


— 104 — 


his position and life itself. His emblem is a blue lion, sur- 
rounded by hearts. With Ernest also his brother Francis was 
among the original signers of the Augsburg Confession. 


78) Coat of Arms of the City of Reutlingen. — Through 
its representatives this city joined the protest of the Lutheran 
delegates in 1529 and a year later became one of the original 
signatories to the Augsburg Confession. Blue, red, and white 
are its colors. 


79) Coat of Arms of the City of Augsburg. — As the city 
in which the Augsburg Confession was submitted to the em- 
peror it has acquired undying fame as the true mother of 
Protestantism. The emblem shows a Gothic column-head, sur- 
mounted by a pineapple, the emblem of fruitfulness. Augsburg 
leads the roll of confessors, followed by twenty-four other cities 
that imitated her heroic example. 


80) Coat of Arms of the City of Jena. — One of the first 
twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran movement after the 
adoption of the Augsburg Confession. Luther made a stop here 
on his return from the Wartburg. It is the site of a university 
which led the fight against synergism. Among its great teachers 
John Gerhard, Selnecker, and Buddeus deserve to be remem- 
bered. The emblem shows an angel slaying a dragon and hold- 
ing a blue shield with barred lion rampant. 


81) Coat of Arms of the City of Eisleben.— One of the 
first twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran movement after 
the adoption of the Augsburg Confession, but especially famous 
as the city in which Luther was born November 10, 1483, and 
where he died February 18, 1546. The emblem shows two 
eagle’s wings. 

82) Coat of Arms of the City of Magdeburg. — One of the 
first twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran movement after 
the adoption of the Augsburg Confession. The city suffered 
terribly during the Thirty Years’ War. More than 20,000 
persons were massacred when it was taken by the imperial 
troops. On account of the many orthodox Lutheran books 
printed at Magdeburg during the early age of controversies, 
Magdeburg has been called “the Chancellory of our Lord.” The 
medallion shows a castle with open gates and above a virgin 
with laurel crown. 


83) Coat of Arms of the City of Fisenach.— One of the 
first twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran movement after 
the adoption of the Augsburg Confession, but especially dis- 


Plate 43 





Coats of Arms in Koburg Hall. (Painted Glass. ) 


77. Dukes of Lueneburg. 83. Eisenach. 96. Riga. 75. Nuernberg,. 
69, Schmalkalden. 73, Philip of Hesse, 


=i 











Coats of Arms in Koburg Hall. (Painted Glass.) 


70. Duke John of Saxony. 85. Marburg. 107. Sweden. 105. Emden. 
89, Lindau, 91. Frankfurt, 





— 105 — 


tinguished since 1498—1501 young Martin Luther went to 
school here and as the birthplace of John Sebastian Bach (see 
panel 180 in Assembly Hall). The coat of arms shows 
St. George as knight, holding the pilgrim’s branch. The shield 
shows a red cross on a white field, the emblem of the Knights 
of the Temple, a religious military order of the time of the 
Crusades. 


84) Coat of Arms of the City of Braunschweig (Bruns- 
wick). — One of the first twenty-four cities that joined the 
Lutheran movement after the adoption of the Augsburg Con- 
fession. The man who brought this city under the influence 
of the Reformation was Bugenhagen (see name panel 172 in 
Library). Among the great men who labored here were Moerlin, 
Chemnitz (panel 169), and Leyser (panel 165). The emblem is 
the Brunswick lion. The city was built by Henry the Lion 
about 1150. 


85) Coat of Arms of the City of Marburg. — One of the 
first twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran movement after 
the adoption of the Augsburg Confession. In this city a famous 
conference took place in 1529 between Luther and Zwingli for 
the discussion of the Lord’s Supper, Luther uttering his famous 
sentence: “You have a different spirit from ours.” The city 
contained in medieval days a famous headquarters of the Teu- 
tonic knights. 


86) Coat of Arms of the City of Koenigsberg. — One of the 
first twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran movement after 
the adoption of the Augsburg Confession. The city became 
Lutheran as early as 1528. Melanchthon helped to found the 
University of Koenigsberg. The three shields represent three 
towns, divided by the river Spregel, which were united into one 
city in 1724. The union is indicated by the crown. 


87) Coat of Arms of the City of Heilbronn. — One of the 
first twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran movement after 
the adoption of the Augsburg Confession. A black eagle with 
conventionalized heart in red, white, and blue is the symbol. 


88) Coat of Arms of the City of Leipzig. — One of the first 
twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran movement after the 
adoption of the Augsburg Confession. It is especially notable 
because in this city, on July 4, 1519, Luther had his debate with 
Eck on the primacy of the Pope and on indulgences. At the 
University of Leipzig, in a later age, there labored such theo- 
logians of the Church as Selnecker and Huelsemann. At 


— 106 — 


St. Thomas’s Church, John Sebastian Bach was organist and 
choir leader. The emblems are a black lion and two blue bars 
on a white field. 

89) Coat of Arms of the City of Lindau. — One of the first 
twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran movement after the 
adoption of the Augsburg Confession. The Reformation had 
taken a foothold in this city as early as 1522. The shield shows 
a linden-tree, conventionalized. 


90) Coat of Arms of the City of Kostnitz (Constance). — 
One of the first twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran 
movement after the adoption of the Augsburg Confession. In 
this city John Huss was burned 1415 by order of the Council 
of Constance. The city joined the Smalcald Union and suffered 
terribly from Spanish troops for its steadfastness. The coat of 
arms displays a cross and a red bar. 


91) Coat of Arms of the City of Frankfort on the Main. — 
One of the first twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran 
movement after the adoption of the Augsburg Confession. As 
early as 1522 its magistrates permitted Lutheran preaching. 
The city joined the Smaleald Union, organized to defend Prot- 
estantism against persecution by fire and sword. The city’s 
emblem is a white eagle, surmounted by a crown. 


92) Coat of Arms of the City of Strassburg. — One of the 
first twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran movement after 
the adoption of the Augsburg Confession. Among the famous 
men who called Strassburg their home was John Gutenberg, the 
inventor of the art of printing, Jacob Sturm, a friend of Luther, 
John Sleidanus, the historian of the Reformation, and Conrad 
Dannhauer, a splendid witness of orthodox Lutheranism. The 
shield shows a red diagonal bar. 


93) Coat of Arms of the City of Hamburg. — The great 
German port, one of the first twenty-four cities that joined the 
Lutheran movement after the adoption of the Augsburg Con- 
fession. In 1528 the City Council adopted the Reformation and 
called Dr. Bugenhagen to organize the Church along Lutheran 
lines. The city adopted the Formula of Concord in 1577. Its 
coat of arms shows a castle with three towers and overhead 
two stars. 

94) Coat of Arms of the City of Ulm.— One of the first 
twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran movement after the 
adoption of the Augsburg Confession. The city was represented 


— 107 — 


among the Protestants in Speier, 1529, and soon after joined the 
Smalcald Union. The shield is divided into a black and a 
white field. 


95) Coat of Arms of the City of Memmingen. — One of the 
first twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran movement after 
the adoption of the Augsburg Confession. The shield displays 
one half of a double-headed eagle and a red cross on a white field. 


96) Coat of Arms of the City of Riga. — One of the first 
twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran movement after the 
adoption of the Augsburg Confession. The city became the 
center of the Reformation movement in the provinces on the 
Baltic Sea. During the Bolshevik reign of terror in 1918 a 
number of Lutheran ministers were cruelly massacred because 
they refused to deny their faith. The shield displays a fortress 
with lion-head, keys, cross, and crown. 


97) Coat of Arms of the City of Wittenberg. — One of the 
first twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran movement after 
the adoption of the Augsburg Confession. From Wittenberg, 
the home of Martin Luther, the light of the Gospel has come to 
every quarter of the globe. It is the birthplace of the New Age. 
The coat of arms shows the river Elster in the foreground. 
On a symmetrical design of fortress and church-towers the 
armorial shields of the Electors of Saxony are shown. 


98) Coat of Arms of the City of Luebeck.— One of the 
first twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran movement after 
the adoption of the Augsburg Confession. In 1528 Luther’s 
writings were publicly burned, but two years later citizens and 
magistrates joined the Reformation movement. Bugenhagen 
furnished the constitution for Luebeck’s congregations. The 
city joined the Smalcald Union. A two-headed eagle with red 
and white shield is the ancient coat of arms of this city. 


99) Coat of Arms of the City of Noerdlingen. — One of the 
first twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran movement after 
the adoption of the Augsburg Confession. The Reformation 
was introduced in 1523, and the city joined other German cities 
in their protest submitted at Speier, 1529, by which they de- 
manded the right to worship God according to their conscience. 
Its emblem is a black eagle, crowned. 

100) Coat of Arms of the City of Erfurt. — One of the first 
twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran movement after the 
adoption of the Augsburg Confession; famous also because it is 


— 108 —— 


the home of the university attended by Luther and of the 
monastery which he entered as a monk. It accepted the Refor- 
mation in 1525. The city’s emblem is a wheel. 

101) Coat of Arms of the City of Schwaebisch-Hall. — One 
of the first twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran move- 
ment after the adoption of the Augsburg Confession. The 
symbol shows an open palm and, in a field above, a Maltese cross. 


102) Coat of Arms of the City of Bremen. — One of the 
first twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran movement after 
the adoption of the Augsburg Confession. The first preacher 
of the Reformation who appeared in the city of Bremen was 
Henry of Zuetphen, 1522, who was lynched by fanatic peasants 
soon after. The city joined the Smalcald Union, organized for 
the defense of Protestantism, in 1531. The emblem is a key. 


103) Coat of Arms of the City of Emden. — One of the first 
twenty-four cities that joined the Lutheran movement after the 
adoption of the Augsburg Confession. This city was a home of 
refuge for Protestants driven out of England and Holland by 
Bloody Mary and Philip the Cruel, the Catholic rulers of these 
countries. The emblem shows a stream, a city wall, and a con- 
ventional winged figure, surmounted by a crown. 


104) Seal of the Brazil District. — One of the countries in 
which our own Lutheran Church has done a large amount of 
missionary work among the German immigrants is that great 
South American republic Brazil. According to the most recent 
figures available, we have now in Brazil more than 25,000 bap- 
tized members, who are being served by 49 ministers. In addi- 
tion, work is now being done in the Portuguese language. The 
medallion shows a Missouri Synod church in the Brazilian 
forest and overhead the beautiful constellation seen in the 
Southern heavens, the Southern Cross. 


105) Seal of the Argentine District. — This emblem shows 
the famous “Christ of the Andes,” the great bronze statue 
erected among the mountains between Argentina and Chile. 
The suggestion of the Mission Board for South America was 
followed in the choice of this symbol, which is to be embodied 
in the seal of the Argentine District. 

106) Coat of Arms of Gustavus Adolphus.—No actual 
coat of arms of the Lion of the North could be discovered. The 
research instituted by the Committee was, however, rewarded 
by the information that the Vasas, from which Gustavus 
sprang, originally used a vase as an emblem, and that this vase 


— 109 — 


was sometimes badly drawn and then resembled a sheaf of 
wheat. From this description and the Swedish coat of arms 
an emblem significant of Gustavus Adolphus was created by 
the Committee’s artist. Against a blood-red background (Gus- 
tavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, died November 16, 1632, in 
the Battle of Luetzen, near Leipsic, fighting the armies of the 
Pope) is displayed a crowned lion rampant and in his right claw 
the white sword of righteousness. Below, in a small shield, the 
family arms, a vase against the blue and white bars of the 
national coat of arms. See also Gustavus Adolphus Archway. 


107) Coat of Arms of Sweden.— Sweden is one of the 
Lutheran States of Europe. For nine hundred years its flag 
has carried a red lion. The Viking ship is based on a relic 
excavated at Oseberg in 1908. The window memorializes the 
contribution which Sweden made to Lutheran church-life in 
America. The population of Sweden is about 6,000,000, prac- 
tically all Lutherans, and the Swedish Lutheran Church of 
America is one of the strongest synods, having a communicant 
membership of more than 200,000. 


108) Coat of Arms of Norway.— The North Cape, with 
midnight sun and the cross standing high upon the cliffs above 
the roaring waves below, is the symbol of Norway, one of the 
European countries which is almost exclusively Lutheran. Of 
its 2,630,000 inhabitants only 200,000 are non-Lutherans. The 
Norwegians have contributed much to the literature and music 
of American Lutheranism. 


109) Coat of Arms of Denmark.— One of the Lutheran 
countries of Europe. It has 1,500 pastors, 2,200 churches, and 
more than 3,250,000 baptized members. The emblem shows the 
Danish ensign, a swallow-tail red fly with the “Danebrog,” or 
silver cross, upon it. The origin of this cross is said to date 
from 1219, when King Waldemar, at a critical moment in his 
career, averred he had seen this cross in the heavens. It is the 
oldest national ensign in existence. 


110) Coat of Arms of Slovakia. — One of the countries of 
Southern Europe in which, despite Roman opposition, the 
Church of the Reformation has continued to live and flourish. 
The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Slovakia has 312 churches, 
342 pastors and 800,000 communicant members. There are 488 
congregational and church institutions, 5 publication houses, 
and two publication societies. The Church has five orphan 


— 110 — 


homes, 2 hospitals, 3 poorhouses, and 1 deaconess house. The 
new emblem of Slovakia is shown in the medallion, displaying 
a Greek cross surmounting three hills. 


111) Coat of Arms of China.—In this greatest of all 
heathen lands our Synod has been doing missionary work for 
the past fifteen years. The design is original with our artist. 
It displays the Chinese dragon (a demon from an old Chinese 
print), representing the Chinese Christians’ turning to the 
source of everlasting light — God. This symbol of the Triune 
God, the equilateral triangle, usually contains the Hebrew 
letters signifying Lord. It here contains the Chinese name 
for God, Shang-ti. 


112) Coat of Arms of India. — Above the elephant, typical 
symbol of India, bearing a white cross on a blood-red blanket, 
the official emblem of India is seen. This badge is in the shape 
of a star in the center of a flaming sun and originally bears this 
inscription, “Heaven’s Light Our Guide.” 


118) Coat of Arms of Alberta and British Columbia 
Provinces. — The rocky shores of Alberta and British Columbia 
are shown with a lighthouse and the sun streaming through the 
storm-clouds. The artist gives this interpretation: “Grounded 
firmly on the Rock of Ages, Christ, the Christians’ faith stands 
like a lighthouse amid the roaring shock of this world’s trouble- 
some waters, while through the darkness and evil Heaven sends 
the encouraging rays of Christ’s cross.” 


114) Coat of Arms of Manitoba and Saskatchewan Prov- 
inces. — This symbol has been worked up from the seal of 
Manitoba (buffalo and red cross) and of Saskatchewan (lion 
and sheaves of green wheat). The Christians of these provinces 
are upholding the message of the Cross, and the sheaves are 
being brought in. 

In Vestibule: — 


158) Seal of the Ontario District. — This coat of arms is 
built upon the seal of the Province of Ontario to which the 
Luther coat of arms has been added. The St. George’s cross 
has been lengthened into the conventional cross of Christ. The 
three maple leaves are emblematic of the Trinity. 


159) Seal of the Australian Synod. — Based upon the South 
Australian coat of arms, which shows a yellow field bearing 
a white-backed piping crow. The white star has been added as 
a symbol of the guiding light of divine revelation. 


— ill--— 


WARTBURG HALL. 


The north wing of the dining-hall group is 
called Wartburg Hall. As the south dining-hall 
was dedicated to the history of the Church 
during ages past and in foreign lands, so the 
ornamentation of the north dining-hall, both 
in respect to its carved stone and its window 
medallions, is enlivened with symbolism bear- 
ing upon the work of the Church in the United 
States. Conformably with this general plan the 
great seal of the United States has been given 
the central position in the front bay and is 
flanked by the seals of Missouri, Perry County, 
and of the City of St. Louis. Medals commemo- 
rating events in the history of the Missouri 
Synod and views of buildings familiar to every 
Missourian, but also seals and other designs 
related to the earlier history of Lutheranism in 
the United States, are depicted on the medal- 
lions nearest the bay. Then follow long rows of 
windows on each side of the dining-hall, bearing 
each the seal of a District of the Missouri Synod 
—a series of unique importance and very beau- 
tiful appearance. A number of lay organiza- 
tions within the Synod are also remembered by 
their seals. 


— 112 — 


115) Great Seal of the United States.— This beautiful 
reproduction of the Great Seal of the United States dominates 
the medallion designs in this dining-hall. Under the beneficent 
laws of our country, particularly the constitutional guarantees 
of religious freedom, our Church has developed into the twenty- 
eight Districts shown in these windows. Under the protection 
of these same laws the church organizations represented in the 
other medallions of this hall are conducting their successful 
and blessed activities. 


116) Missouri State Seal. — The official seal of the State 
of Missouri, reproduced from an authentic impression. 


117) Seal of the City of St. Louis. — This design is used on 
the official stationery of the City of St. Louis. The early growth 
of the city was due to its river commerce, and up the river by 
steamer came the early pioneers of our Synod. 


118) Perry County Seal. — At Perry County, Mo., the first 
Concordia was built in 1839. The County Court seal of that 
distant age is no longer in existence, and we have been unable 
to unearth any impressions. However, Mr. Charles E. Cashion, 
County Clerk, quotes a description of the original seal, made in 
1830, as follows: “A plain circular marginal label inscribed, 
‘Perry County Court Seal— Mo.’ In the center a spread eagle 
having in its claws three arrows and in the center of it a harp.” 
From this description the artist has developed the striking 
design shown on this window. 


119) Log Cabin. — The original Concordia Seminary. The 
drawing is made after an enlarged photograph, shown at the 
Sedalia State Fair Lutheran Exhibit in 1925. The drawing 
is correct in every detail, even as to the light-and-shade effects. 
(See Walther Entrance.) 


120) Four-Hundredth Anniversary Medal. — This coin was 
struck in 1917 at the four-hundredth anniversary of the begin- 
ning of the Reformation. It is a reproduction of the angel 
shown on the front page of Der Lutheraner, which, again, is 
suggested by the verses Rey. 14, 6.7, a prophecy of the Refor- 
mation. 


121) Coat of Arms of Oglethorpe. — General James Ogle- 
thorpe, governor of the British province of Georgia, has in- 
scribed his name upon the roll of honor among Lutherans for 
receiving the Lutheran exiles who were driven by the Catholic 
rulers from Salzburg, Austria, on account of their faith. The 


— 118 — 


first vessel bearing the Salzburgers arrived at Savannah, Ga., 
in March, 1734. They were received by General Oglethorpe, 
who aided them in founding various settlements. — Great diffi- 
culty was encountered in discovering the correct coat of arms 
of that particular branch of the Oglethorpe family to which the 
general belonged. In tracing the heraldic data, the St. Louis 
libraries proving unavailing, the search led to the office of the 
Oglethorpe Club of Savannah, Ga., and the correct coat of arms 
was thus obtained. It shows a boar’s head holding an oak 
branch, resting on a twisted bar. 


122) Coat of Arms of New Sweden. — The colony of New 
Sweden was founded in 1688 by a small party of Swedish 
Lutherans who took possession of the mouth of the Delaware 
River and made a settlement there which was called New 
Sweden. It was the beginning of the State of Delaware. The 
minister of the little congregation was Reorus Torkillus. The 
Dutch, who had settled New York, looked upon these Swedes 
as intruders and in 1655 annexed their territory west of the 
Delaware River. The coat of arms shows the Swedish lion 
carrying in his claw the torch of Biblical truth, first brought 
to this country in its purity by the Swedes. The blue-and-white 
background is also taken from the Swedish coat of arms. 


123) Concordia Seminary Tower.— This beautifully exe- 
cuted medallion shows the tower recognized the world over by 
the graduates of Concordia Seminary. It is the tower of the 
building erected in 1883, the four-hundredth anniversary of 
Martin Luther’s birth. Dr. Walther was president. 


124) Medal of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Missouri 
Synod. — A night scene, very difficult to reproduce in painted 
glass. The design is taken from a coin struck in 1897 at the 
fiftieth anniversary of the Missouri Synod. Around the coin 
are found the texts Heb. 18,14 and Rev. 3,11. The ship of the 
Church, guided by the lighthouse of God’s Word, is sailing 
toward the heavenly Jerusalem. 


125) Medal of the Three-Hundredth Anniversary of the 
Formula of Concord. — The medallion shows the Church of 
Christ built upon the Rock. Matt.16,18. It is taken from 
a medal struck by the Missouri Synod on the occasion of the 
three-hundredth anniversary of the Book of Concord (1580— 
1880). The Book of Concord contains all the Lutheran Con- 
fessions, proclaiming the adherence of the Church to the Word 
of God. 

8 


— 114 — 


126) Seal of Justus Falckner. — Justus Falckner, whose 
beautiful seal is shown in this medallion, was one of the earliest 
and most faithful preachers of the Lutheran Church in 
America. He began in 1703 to serve St. Matthew’s Church, 
New York, being the first Lutheran minister ordained in 
America. After serving as traveling missionary along the 
Hudson, he died in 1724. The seal shows a falcon, emblematic 
of the name Falckner. 


127) Seal of Muhlenberg Churches. — The three sheaves of 
wheat ready to be garnered for the eternal harvest indicate the 
three congregations in and about New York served by H. M. 
Muhlenberg. The seal is drawn after a facsimile in Schmauck’s 
The Lutheran Church in Pennsylvania. (For Muhlenberg see 
also No. 176.) 


128) Seal of St. Matthew’s, New York. — The seal of 
St. Matthew’s Church, the oldest Lutheran seal in America, 
dating from the years 1671—1723. Supplied by Rev. Karl 
Kretzmann. St. Matthew’s is the oldest Lutheran congrega- 
tion on the Western Hemisphere. Its seal shows sheaves of 
wheat and a cup of wine with a lamb uniting both, indicating 
the doctrine of the real presence of Christ in the Sacrament. 
An inscription surrounding the original seal reads: Sigillum 
Ecclesiae Augustanae Confessionis Insulae Manhatanensis, 
“The Seal of the Church of the Augsburg Confession on the 
Island of Manhattan.” 


129) Trinity Church of Wilmington. — The oldest Prot- 
estant church in America is the Wilmington Lutheran church 
in New Jersey. It was erected by Lutherans near the spot 
where the only Lutheran colony in America landed. The picture 
is taken from Schmauck’s The Lutheran Church in Penn- 
sylvania. 


130) Seal of Southern District. — This beautiful design 
originated with our artist. It shows a pelican holding a torch 
and a palm-branch. The pelican is a southern symbol and 
especially suited for Louisiana. It is at the same time used as 
a symbol of the resurrection in place of the phoenix, and the 
legend which ascribes to the mother pelican the habit of opening 
her breast with her bill in order to feed the young with her blood 
makes it a symbol of Christ. The torch indicates spiritual 
knowledge; the palm, victory. The pelican is based upon a 
study from a photograph taken at Pelican Island, Florida. 


Plate 45 





Seals in Wartburg Hall. (Painted Glass.) 


126. Justus Falekner. 153. South Wisconsin District. 156. Lutheran 
Laymen’s League. 139. Oklahoma District. 130. Southern District. 
158, Ontario District. 
























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— 115 — 


(181) Seal of Southern Illinois District. — As suggested by 
the District President, J.G.F.Kleinhans. It shows the Bible 
with Alpha and Omega, with wheat and grape suggesting the 
Sacrament of the Lord’s Table. 


132) Seal of Central Illinois District. — Since the District 
had no seal of its own, President W.Heyne suggested as an 
emblem characteristic of the District “a church within a corn- 
field,” Central Illinois being situated in the heart of the great 
American corn belt. The artist has depicted a church based 
upon the general style of Lutheran church architecture prevail- 
ing in Illinois. 


133) Seal of Northern Illinois District. — This emblem is 
a creation of the Committee —the ship of the Church, sug- 
gested by the inland sea commerce which centers in the metrop- 
olis of the District (Chicago). A suitable inscription would be 
Heb. 11,16: Paravit illis civitatem, “He hath prepared for 
them a city.” 


184) Seal of Western District. — Designed by our artist at 
the suggestion of President Kretzschmar. The St. Andrew’s 
cross with the Luther seal quarters the seal. Sailboats brought 
the forefathers to our shores, where they could worship the true 
God (A and O) unmolested. The log cabin is reminiscent of 
the first Concordia Seminary, from which our churches have 
received such inestimable blessings. 


185) Seal of Michigan District. — The seal of the District; 
colors supplied by the Committee. Blue, the color of hope. The 
laurel leaves are the crown of victory accorded to those who 
remain steadfast in hope. 


136) Seal of Central District. — The cross around which 
two vines are intertwined. ‘The reference is to John 15, 5: 
“T am the Vine, ye are the branches.” 


1387) Seal of Eastern District. — A creation of the Com- 
mittee, based on Eph. 6, 16.17: “Above all, taking the shield of 
faith, wherewith ye shall be able to quench all the fiery darts 
of the wicked. And take the helmet of salvation and the sword 
of the Spirit, which is the Word of God.” The arms, in har- 
mony with the text, are Roman, as used in the time of Paul, 
with Christian symbolism, the cross and flaming heart, and the 
three sets of triple bosses on the sword, a reference to the 
Trinity. 


— 116 — 


138) Seal of Atlantic District.— This splendid emblem 
is built upon the official seal of the Atlantic District. As our 
artist puts it: “It shows the bright light of the Word of God 
breaking through the mists of unbelief and doubt and greet- 
ing the believer, who has equipped his ship of life with the 
mast of Christian faith.” 

139) Seal of Oklahoma District. — Created by the Com- 
mittee. When our Church commenced work in Oklahoma, 
part of it was still Indian territory. The design shows the 
Indian calumet, or peace-pipe (designed from an original in 
the collection of Hotel Astor, New York). The combination of 
the peace-pipe with the symbol of the Holy Spirit is unique and 
yet pleasing. 

140) Seal of Texas District. — Designed by Mr. Taenzer 
on the basis of the Walther League emblem of that State. 
Within a single large star (suggested by Lone Star State) there 
is the state flower, the bluebonnet. 


141) Lutheran School Emblem. — The Lutheran school em- 
blem below is the emblem of the American Luther League. The 
book shows superimposed a Luther emblem and above it a little 
acorn, flanked by L S (Lutheran Schools). The American 
Luther League is here remembered for its work in behalf of our 
Christian day-schools. Both designs originated with our artist. 


142) Lutheran Publicity Organization Emblem. — The or- 
ganization here memorialized has done pioneer work in Lu- 
theran Publicity, particularly through Lenten services. The 
design originated with the Committee and shows the torch of 
truth in winged flight enlightening the world. 


143) Seal of Colorado District. — President Luessenhop 
writes: “Our Colorado seal is very fitting and characteristic of 
our work. Notice the stream of the water of life flowing from 
the open Bible, the ice-covered mountains, ete.” The mountains 
are colored from sketches made by our artist while on a sojourn 
in Colorado. 

144) Seal of California and Nevada District. —A close 
rendition of the official District seal. The cross colored red 
represents the Atonement. 

145) Seal of Oregon and Washington District. — Created 
by the Committee’s artist. It combines the grape, which is 
Oregon’s state emblem and at the same time a reminder of our 


— it — 


Lord’s words: “I am the Vine, ye are the branches,” with the 
rhododendron (mountain laurel) the state flower of Washington. 
Both plants are rooted in the Word of God. 


146) Seal of Kansas District. — This emblem (like a num- 
ber of others) was created by the Committee because the District 
had no emblematic device in its official seal. In all such cases 
the advice of the District officers was sought. The sunflower, 
the state flower, was chosen in the present instance, its fruit- 
fulness representing the growth of our Church in Kansas. 
Aspiration for union with Christ is represented by the stars 
above. The number of stars in this inscription is thirty-four. 
This number is found on the official seal of the State of Kansas, 
that State being the thirty-fourth admitted to the Union. 


147) Seal of Southern Nebraska District. — The creation 
of the Committee, since the District has no emblematic device 
on its seal. Under the watchful eye of Jehovah the seed of the 
Word of God falls into men’s hearts, is plowed and furrowed 
and made receptive by the sorrows of this world, there to spring 
forth and bear wonderful fruit. The device was suggested by 
the fame of Nebraska wheat and by the parable of the Sower. 


148) Seal of Northern Nebraska District.— The creation 
of the Committee. The artist acted upon the suggestion of 
President Harms in choosing the goldenrod, the state flower of 
Nebraska, as part of the emblem. To this was added the 
Wyoming state flower, the gentian, the Nebraska District ex- 
tending also over this State. Both are united in the heart of 
Christ and flower under the cross, which is inscribed I. N. R. L: 
“Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews.” 

149) Seal of Iowa District. — This is a reproduction of the 
official seal as idealized by our artist. 

150) Seal of South Dakota District. — Created by the Com- 
mittee. As the emigrant in the prarie schooner on the South 
Dakota plains always looked for a stream of water before going 
into camp, so our South Dakota Lutherans rest at the Water 
of Life, under the cross of Christ. 

151) Seal of North Dakota and Montana District. — This 
seal was suggested by President Hinck: the mountains and 
sheep of Montana, the wheat-fields of North Dakota, and a 
river (the Missouri) dividing the two scenes. 


152) Seal of Minnesota District. — An exact reproduction 


— 118 — 


of the design in the seal of the Minnesota District. A Bible 
with inscribed Alpha and Omega, surrounded by a laurel wreath 
and stars. 


158) Seal of South Wisconsin District. — Created by our 
artist at the suggestion of the Committee: The Christian’s 
faith firmly anchored in the Bible. The streams of Wisconsin, 
rich in finny inhabitants, suggested the fish (pickerel, drawn 
after a study from life); at the same time the fish was an early 
Christian symbol (see No. 49). The anchor is blue, the color 
of hope, the ring above represents eternity, and the cross-bars, 
each terminating in three bosses, are symbols of the Trinity. 


154) Seal of North Wisconsin District. —- Emblem sug- 
gested by the Committee. Under the all-seeing eye of God the 
Protestant Church flourishes into healthy spiritual growth, in- 
dicated by the arbor-vitae, a species of evergreen native to 
Wisconsin and a symbol of everlasting life. The interpretation 
of this seal is thus given by Rev. H. Meyer, President of the 
Minnesota District: — 

“On the basis of their unswerving fidelity to the Holy Scrip- 
tures, of which Christ is the Alpha and Omega, the work of our 
pastors in the great Northwest has been crowned with marvelous 
success, the Gospel of Christ having been spread over a vast ter- 
ritory, including parts of Northeastern Nebraska, South Dakota, 
North Dakota, Montana, and the provinces of Western Canada. 
Daughter Districts, branched off from the Minnesota District, are: 
the South Dakota District, the North Dakota and Montana District, 
the Alberta and British Columbia District, and the Manitoba and 
Saskatchewan District.” 

155) Seal of English District. — Suggested by the Com- 
mittee. The English District sprang from a parent stem, the 
original German Synod of Missouri. This is indicated by the 
stout trunk. It continued separately for a while as the English 
Synod of Missouri and in 1911 again united with the Missouri 
Synod. This is indicated by the intertwining of the branches 
in the crowns of both trees. The tree is a sycamore, which is 
found everywhere in Missouri and which frequently displays 
the characteristics set forth in the design. 

In Vestibule: — 

156) Seal of the Lutheran Laymen’s League.— The Lu- 
theran Laymen’s League is an association of lay members of the 
Missouri Synod whose purpose is to “aid Synod in business and 
financial matters.” The design shown on this window embodies 
symbols illustrating business (coin, fountain pen) and labor 


— i119 — 


(wheel, hammer). The drawing thus pictures the Lutheran 
business man and the Lutheran working man united in the 
Lutheran Laymen’s League, donning the armor of Christ to 
labor and achieve— “All for the glory of God.” The most 
notable effort of the Lutheran Laymen’s League has been made 
in behalf of a $3,000,000 Endowment Fund for the support of 
aged ministers, teachers, and professors, and their widows and 
orphans. 

157) Seal of the Walther League.— The emblem of our 
well-known young people’s organization. It bears in its center, 
in pictorial language, the League’s slogan, Pro Aris et Focis, 
“For Church and for Home.” 


(For Nos. 158 and 159 see corresponding windows 
in North Vestibule. ) 


Stained Glass in Reception-Room. 


160—163) The words ‘‘Soli Deo Gloria.’’ — 
This is the motto of the Missouri Synod, as it 
was that of the Book of Concord, adopted 1850: 
‘‘To God alone be glory!’’ The script chosen 
for this inscription is that of the late medieval 
manuscripts, about the time of the invention of 
printing. The Book of Concord is mentioned 
in this prominent place since it contains all the 
confessional writings of the Lutheran Church. 
The red cross is symbolical of the Atonement, 
and the circles indicate Eternity. 


Carved and Painted Timbers 
in Reception-Room. 


On a ribbon, which forms the center of the 
ceiling in this room, surrounding the light fix- 
tures, the words are carved: ‘‘Go ye into all the 


— 120 — 


world.’’ The four directions to which the Gospel 
is brought from Concordia Seminary are sym- 
bolized by four birds painted on small wooden 
shields in the ceiling. East, or morning: the 
lark. West, or evening: the bird of paradise. 
South, or noon: the bluebird. North, or mid- 
night: the owl. Designs furnished and colored 
by Mr. Taenzer. The carving was done by 
Mr. Maene, of Philadelphia, who donated his 
work on these timbers. 


Memorial Panels in Pritzlaff Library. 


The bottom panel in each window of the 
south bays is inscribed with the name of 
a famous theologian. Standing within the 
Reading-room and facing south, the names 
have the following order: Koren, Hoenecke, 
Krauth, Muhlenberg, Hutter, Calov, Brenz, 
Bugenhagen, Quenstedt, Gerhard, Chemnitz, 
Melanchthon, Bengel, Loescher, Leyser, Secken- 
dorf. 


164) Seckendorf.— Born 1626; died 1692. Chancellor of 
the University of Halle. He is best known by his great work, 
particularly valuable for the documents drawn from the archives 
of various states, Commentarius Historicus et Apologeticus de 
Lutheranismo, written in answer to the work of the Jesuit 
Maimbourg and indispensable even at the present day to every 
student of the Reformation. 

165) Leyser.— Born in 1552. An eminent professor in the 
University of Wittenberg toward the end of the sixteenth: cen- 
tury. At the time when an attempt was being made to bring 


— 121 — 


Calvinism into the Lutheran Church, Leyser did his full share 
in the restoration of sound Lutheranism and for the practical 
introduction of the Formula of Coneord into the churches and 
schools of the Wittenberg diocese. He was later court preacher 
at Dresden. Particular fame attaches to him since he continued 
the Harmonia Evangelistarum begun by Chemnitz. He died 
in 1610. 


166) Loescher. — Valentin Ernst Loescher, the noblest and 
manliest defender of Lutheran orthodoxy during the Pietistic 
controversy at the beginning of the eighteenth century, was 
born December 29, 1673. He studied at Wittenberg and Jena. 
He vigorously opposed the schemes of the Berlin court, which 
sought to effect a union between the two Protestant churches. 
He acknowledges no two legitimate churches of the Reforma- 
tion; he knows of only one, the Evangelical; the Reformed is 
only a defection from her. Loescher stood firm as a rock in the 
disturbance of his times, guarding like a faithful sentinel the 
good confession of his Church against every attack. After 
being professor at Wittenberg from 1707 to 1709, he was called 
to the honored, but laborious position of superintendent and 
member of the Supreme Consistory at Dresden. In this posi- 
tion he labored unweariedly and very successfully to his very 
end. He died December 12, 1749. 


167) Bengel. — Johann Albrecht Bengel was born June 24, 
1687. He became one of the greatest theologians and scholars 
of the Lutheran Church. His most celebrated work is Gnomon 
Novi Testamenti, an edition of the New Testament with notes. 
Bengel held views regarding the Last Times which are based on 
a mistaken interpretation of the “millennium,” but in all other 
respects remained a sober and sound theologian. He died 
November 2, 1752. 


168) Melanchthon. — Philip Melanchthon, son of George 
and Barbara (Reuter) Schwartzerd, was born February 16, 
1497. He studied under some of the best scholars of his age 
and became so expert in the use of Latin and Greek that he used 
both these languages not only in learned correspondence, but in 
every-day conversation. One of his teachers changed his name 
from Schwartzerd, meaning “black earth,” to its Greek equiv- 
alent, Melanchthon. July 24, 1518, he accepted a call to the 
professorship of Greek in the University of Wittenberg. The 
friendly relations of Luther and Melanchthon present one of 
the most pleasing sights of the splendid drama of the Reforma- 


— 122 — 


tion. Luther loved Melanchthon as a son, and Melanchthon 
revered Luther as a father. For nearly twenty-eight years they 
were colleagues. If Melanchthon weakened in the profession of 
the Lutheran faith after the decease of Dr. Luther, this must 
not blind us to the effective service which he rendered the cause 
of the Reformation during his early years. Melanchthon has 
been called the “Teacher of Germany.” He lectured on nearly 
every science and wrote text-books on Greek and Latin, Gram- 
mar, Rhetoric, Logic, Physiology, Physics, Metaphysics, Ethics, 
and History, besides his great theological works. He contrib- 
uted important sections to the Augsburg Confession. April 19, 
1560, is the date of his death. 


169) Chemnitz. — Martin Chemnitz, one of the most emi- 
nent theologians of the Lutheran Church, was born in Branden- 
burg, November 9, 1522. He attended the University of Frank- 
fort and that of Wittenberg, but at first did not study theology. 
His theological studies were prosecuted privately, while he was 
tutor and private teacher. After 1553 he went to Wittenberg 
and began to lecture at the university. His most distinguished 
work was his criticism (Hzamen) of the decrees of the Council 
of Trent, a work which is generally regarded as the most power- 
ful work ever written against the claims of Romanism. His 
contribution to the Formula of Concord was most important. 
On account of his sterling orthodoxy he is generally called the 
“Second Martin of Lutheranism.” He died April 8, 1586. 


170) Gerhard. — Johann Gerhard, the standard dogma- 
tician of the Lutheran Church, was born October 15, 1582. He 
was a Saxon. His student years were spent at Wittenberg, 
Marburg, and Jena. At the University of Jena he labored from 
1616 to his death (August 20, 1637), as the greatest ornament 
of the Lutheran Church in those times, eminent as teacher, 
author, and counselor to men of every station, in theological, 
ecclesiastical, and even political matters, “the oracle of his 
times.” He was a man of extraordinary humility, great charity, 
and immovable confidence in God. 

171) Quenstedt.— Johann Andreas Quenstedt was one of 
the greatest dogmaticians of the Lutheran Church. After 1549 
he taught theology at Wittenberg University and died in 1685. 
His dogmatic works are among the most learned ever written, 
his books being monuments of sound Christian scholarship. 


172) Bugenhagen.— Johannes Bugenhagen, called Pome- 


— 123— 


ranus, was born at Wollin in Pomerania, June 24, 1485, and 
when twenty years of age, he was famous as a master of classical 
learning. In 1520, after the reading of Luther’s book The 
Babylonish Captivity, he arrived at the true evangelical con- 
ception of the Christian doctrine. He met Luther shortly before 
the latter’s departure for Worms. Johannes Bugenhagen was 
elected a regular professor and in 1523 was chosen pastor of the 
church in Wittenberg, which post he held for thirty-six years. 
As a result of his work he received the most tempting calls, 
especially from the king of Denmark, whom he had crowned. 
But he remained true to his congregation in Wittenberg, not 
forsaking it either in times of pestilence (1525) or in times of 
war (1546). Perhaps his saddest ministerial function was the 
burial of Luther, February 22, 1546. He died April 20, 1558. 


178) Brenz.— Johann Brenz, the Swabian Reformer, was 
born at Weil, in Wurttemberg, July 24, 1499. Through in- 
dustry he developed his natural gifts to an extraordinary degree. 
He lectured at the University of Heidelberg and at the same 
time served one of the churches as pastor. Opposed by the 
enemies of the truth, he proclaimed the Gospel without fear, 
calmly and victoriously. In 1526 he published a catechism for 
the young. He took part in many of the most famous contro- 
versies of the Reformation age, always on the side of the pure 
doctrine. He died September 11, 1570, full of years and labors. 


174) Calov.— Abraham Calov, born in Morungen, East 
Prussia, 1612, was one of the most learned and faithful theo- 
logians of his own or any other age. He served as professor in 
Koenigsberg and Wittenberg. Especially did he oppose the 
unionistic tendency of his day and thus helped preserve the 
Lutheran Church. His industry was unbelievable. His most 
famous work is the Biblia Illustrata in four huge volumes. He 
died February 26, 1686. 

175) Hutter.— Leonhard Hutter was born 1563 at Ulm. 
He was professor at Wittenberg from 1596 until his death in 
1616; a zealous and solid representative of the most faithful 
type of Lutheranism; a tireless polemic against Calvinism and 
Melanchthonianism. His best-known work was his Compen- 
dium Locorum Theologicorum. A much more extensive work 
is his Loct Communes Theologici, which comments at great 
length upon Melanchthon’s treatise of the same name. He also 
wrote a defense of the Formula of Concord, Concordia Concors 
(1614), and a commentary upon it, 


— 124 — 


176) Muhlenberg. — Henry Melchior Muhlenberg, “Patri- 
arch of the Lutheran Church of America,” was born in Han- 
over, September 6, 1711, and died, after many years of activity 
in building the Lutheran Church in America, October 7, 1787. 
When first called to the German settlements of New York and 
Pennsylvania, he found the people sadly neglected, scattered, 
without church-buildings or regular organizations, without 
schools, and at the mercy of impostors claiming to be pastors. 
His life was spent in traveling and preaching and in organizing 
congregations. He was the founder of the first synod, for which 
the Church in Germany gave him few precedents, if any, as to 
details of organization. 

177) Krauth. — Charles Porterfield Krauth was born 
March 17, 1828, at Martinsburg, Va. He held pastorates at 
Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, then became editor of the Lu- 
theran, through which paper he advocated true, historical, con- 
servative Lutheranism. He became theological professor in 
1864 and helped establish the General Council, of which he was 
president 1870—1880. He was one of the most prolific and 
brilliant writers of the English Lutheran Church. He died 
January 2, 1883. 

178) Hoenecke. — Adolf Hoenecke was born February 25, 
1835; died January 3, 1908. The foremost theologian of the 
Wisconsin Synod, a large body of Lutherans united with the 
Missouri Synod in the Synodical Conference, which he helped 
found. He was professor of theology in Wauwatosa Theological 
Seminary from 1878 to the year of his death. 

179) Koren. — Ulrik Vilhelm Koren was born in Norway, 
December 22, 1826; died December 19, 1910. He was one of 
the leading theologians of the Norwegian Synod. He was the 
first Norwegian minister to settle west of the Mississippi River, 
his territory being in Iowa and Minnesota. He taught in 
Luther College, Decorah, which institution owes to him its fine 
campus, and later took active part in the Election controversy 
as a staunch defender of Biblical truth. He was president of 
the Norwegian Synod from 1894 to 1904. 


Memorial Windows in Assembly Hall. 


The eight windows in this hall are dedicated 
to Lutherans who have been prominent in the 
advancement of the Reformation faith through 


— 12 — 


the arts of music, poetry, and painting. The 
following names are inscribed on panels in the 
eight windows: Bach, Mendelssohn, Gerhardt, 
Heermann, Kranach, Duerer, Luther, and 


Walther. 


180) Bach. — Johann Sebastian Bach was one of the 
greatest musicians that ever lived. After filling various posi- 
tions as organist and concertmaster, he was in 1723 appointed 
eantor at the Thomas-Schule in Leipzig, a position which he 
held until his death, July 28, 1750. It was here, as organist 
and musical director of the churches of St. Thomas and 
St. Nicholas, that his wonderful genius fully unfolded itself and 
that he wrote his greatest works. His largest and most im- 
portant works are his Passion oratorios and the Mass in 
B Minor. 


181) Mendelssohn. — Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, born 
1809 of Jewish parentage, as a child showed his great musical 
ability. He was the reformer of Protestant church music and 
restored Bach to his rightful position as the master musician in 
the Church. His principal oratorio is Hlijah. He died at the 
early age of thirty-eight, 1847. 


182) Gerhardt. — Paul Gerhardt, next to Martin Luther, is 
the greatest hymn-writer of Protestantism. Born March 12, 
1607; died June 7, 1676. His fame rests not only upon the 
one hundred and twenty hymns which he wrote, many of them 
now translated into other languages, but also on his faithfulness 
to the Lutheran Confessions. He refused to refrain from 
preaching as his conscience dictated even against the orders 
of the political rulers. 


183) Heermann. — Johannes Heermann was born 1585 and 
died 1647. His pastorate partly coincided with the terrible 
Thirty Years’ War, which helped to ground him in the school 
of affliction. As a hymn-writer he is second only to Paul Ger- 
hardt, and his hymns, distinguished by unwavering faith and 
trust, fervent love to Christ, humble submission to the will of 
God, and the beauty and force of their language, still hold their 
place among the classics of German hymnody. More than 
twenty of them have been translated into English. 


— 126 —— 


184) Kranach.— Lukas Kranach, born 1472 in Kranach, 
East Franconia, the great painter and cartoonist of the Refor- 
mation, noted for his portraits of the Saxon electors, Luther, 
his Biblical pictures, e. g., on the Passion, Christ and the twelve 
apostles, the adulteress and Christ, Jesus and the Samaritan 
woman, etc., was burgomaster of Wittenberg (1537—1544) and 
went into captivity with his patron, John Frederick the Mag- 
nanimous, to Innsbruck (1550). In 1552 he painted his last 
work, the altar-picture in Weimar. He died October 16, 1553. 


185) Duerer. — Albrecht Duerer, of Nuremberg, born 1471, 
died 1528, the foremost of the old German painters and father 
of a German line of art, did much to popularize art in Germany. 
His wood-engravings are masterpieces. Through them espe- 
cially the educating influence of real art was felt all over 
Germany. An ardent adherent of Luther, he introduced the 
portraits of the Reformer in several of his paintings. Among 
his best works are illustrations of Revelation and of the Passion. 


186) Martin Luther. — The name of the great Reformer is 
given a memorial in this hall because of the profound influence 
which he exercised upon the music of Protestantism. Far from 
being a destroyer of ancient forms of art, Luther was a lover 
of music, which he placed next to theology, and through his 
hymns he gave the impulse to Protestant hymnology. His 
“A Mighty Fortress,” written and composed by himself, is gen- 
erally acknowledged the greatest hymn and hymn-tune of the 
ages. The Reformer as poet and musician is memorialized by 
this window. 


187) Walther, C.F. W. — The first great leader of Missouri 
Synod theologians and staunch defender of sound Lutheranism, 
born 1811, died 1887, is remembered in this hall because of the 
mighty aid which Lutheran music received through him as 
organist and choir-leader: Walther loved music in all its forms, 
was an accomplished organist, and it was mainly through his 
influence that the high standards of church musie which have 
obtained in our Synod were developed. 


—_ 127 — 


Bibliography. 


Kraus, F. X.; Roma Sotterranea. Die roemischen Katakomben. 
Kine Darstellung der neuesten Forschungen. Freiburg im Breis- 
gau, 1873. 


Walther, Wilhelm; Die deutsche Bibeluebersetzung des Mittelalters. 
Braunschweig, 1889. 


Grulich, Friedrich J.; Denkwuerdigkeiten von Torgau. Torgau, 1855. 


Preuschen, Erwin; Kirchengeschichte fuer die christliche Familie. 
Reutlingen, 1905. 


Archw fuer kirchliche Kunst. Berlin. 


Wach, Carl; Das Zeitalter der Reformation; Wilhelm v. Kaulbachs 
Wandgemaelde. Berlin, 1868. 


Werckshagen, C.; Der Protestantismus in seiner Gesamtgeschichte 
bis zur Gegenwart in Wort und Bild; n.d. 


Lesser, F.C.; Besondere Muentzen, auf gelehrte Gesellschaften und 
Leute gepraegt. Frankfurt & Leipzig, 1739. 


Palmer, Karl; Das Lutherdenkmal zu Worms. Darmstadt, 1866. 


Meusel, Karl Heinrich; Kirchliches Handlexikon. Seven volumes. 
Leipzig, 1887—1902. 


Graebner, A. L.; Geschichte der Lutherischen Kirche in Amerika. 
Concordia Publishing House, St. Louis, 1892. 


Rossi, Giovanni Battista de; Roma Sotterranea. Four Volumes, fol. 
Rome, 1864—77. 


British Museum; A Guide to the Harly Christian and Byzantine An- 
tiquities. Oxford University Press, 1903. 


Dallmann, Wm.; Martin Luther. Concordia Publishing House, 
St. Louis, 1917. 


Finck, W. J.; Lutheran Landmarks and Pioneers in America. Phil- 
adelphia, 1917. 


Kretzmann, Karl; The Oldest Lutheran Church in America (1664 
to 1914). 1914. 


Reu, M.; Dr. Martin Luther. Wartburg Publ. Co., Chicago, 1917. 


Sibole, Edward E.; Historical Sketch of St. John’s Ev. Luth. Church, 
Philadelphia. (1806—1906). 


Wenner, G. U.; The Lutherans of New York. Petersfield Press, 
New York, 1918. 


Wentz, A. R.; The Lutheran Church in American History. United 
Lutheran Publication House, Philadelphia, 1923. 


Audsley, W.J. Handbook of Christian Symbolism. 


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Clement, Clara; Handbook of Christian Symbolism. 


Hulme, Fred E.; History, Principles, and Practise of Symbolism in 
Christian Art. 


Drake, Maurice; Saints and Their Emblems. 
Allen, John Romilly; Harly Christian Symbolism. 
Bles, Arthur de; How to Distinguish the Saints in Art. 


Juncker, M. Christian; Vita D. Martini Lutheri. Nummis atque 
iconibus illustrata. Frankfort and Leipsic, 1699. 


Blanchan, Neltje; Wild Flowers. Doubleday, Page & Co., 1900. 
Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary. ; 
National Geographic Magazine. 

The People’s Natural History. Dodd, Mead & Co., 1903. 

World Almanac and Book of Facts for 1928. 


Flammarion, Camille; Popular Astronomy. Translated by J. Ed- 
ward Gore. 


Arndt, E.L.; Chinese Lutheran Hymnal. 
Noted Chinese Paintings of the Middle Ages. 


Horne, Ellis; The World’s Famous Events, Francis Nieglutch, 
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Die Abendschule, Vol. 1897. 








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